In this paper, we construct a Governance Index for a sample of Greek companies quoted on the Athens Stock Exchange. We then classify firms, using each firm governance index, into three governance portfolios. Furthermore, the Fama and French model, extended to include a momentum variable, is tested for each of the three governance portfolios. Our findings suggest that most of the firms in our sample are semi-democracies followed by democracies and dictatorships respectively. Good governance appears to be of value in as much as we found higher Tobin's q ratios for democracies followed by semi-democracies and dictatorships. We, also, report significant negative abnormal returns for shareholder-friendly and manager-friendly firms. The findings of significant negative abnormal returns are consistent with inefficient capital markets. At a practitioner level, the results imply that firms should practice vigorously good governance, as it is a policy of value to shareholders and possibly to other stakeholders.
This paper aimed to research the interrelation between capital structure, corporate governance, equity ownership, and how they affect firm performance. The sample used consisted of 10 leading-energy-sector companies traded in the NYSE, most of which rank among the largest companies in the world by market capitalization, while the US-based ones are also Fortune 500 companies. Over the eleven-year period examined, from 2009 to 2019, a sampling frame of 110 data series was gathered and analyzed using panel data methodologies. The impact of the key parameters of capital structure, corporate governance, and equity ownership was tested using regression analysis (panel data method) on firm performance, measured by profitability. Our results support a significant relation among major capital structure and corporate governance parameters and firm performance, whereas no evidence was found to support a significant impact of equity ownership on the dependent variable found ascertained. Furthermore, our findings support that in our sample firms, pecking order and agency cost theories play an important role in the financing of these firms, while static trade and irrelevance theory find no support.
Recent researches have worked on the relationship between Corporate Governance and expected rates on return as well as historical returns. Firstly, we construct an Index of Corporate Governance (CGQL) that measures the quality implementation of Corporate Governance of the enlisted firms on the Athens Stock Exchange distinguishing the firms into Democracies and Dictatorships. An investment strategy that buys Democracies and shorts Dictatorships earns abnormal returns of around 18% annually during the sample period. In this paper we investigate if Corporate Governance matters in investors' decisions. We try to observe if Corporate Governance is a proxy for firm valuation, a factor of creating and altering abnormal returns, or a risk factor, which can be a "substitute" for market risk (beta), using uni-and multi-variate analyses. The conclusions call into question the utility of Corporate Governance upon firm attractiveness.
This paper examines the prudential role and the effectiveness of banking regulation in EU. Using a unique sample of banks' balance and off-balance sheet data, we focus on the capital requirements (tier1) and the liquidity characteristics of the banking sector. The latter factor is accounted for by the Basel III net stable funding ratio (NSFR) that was launched on 2010 with effect on 2018 and refers to the long-term liquidity provision of banks.By adopting a dynamic panel-vector autoregression (VAR) analysis, we have found strong evidence in favor to the forecasting and prudential supervision role of NSFR, which provides the means for improving banks' performance and for promoting the stability in the banking sector. On the other hand, capital requirements (tier1) incorporate a responsive component to uncertainty in the financial system. Finally, our findings support the prudential role of Basel III liquidity provisions, which can play the role of leading indicators of financial stability of financial markets and specifically of the financial sector.
In the last years, and especially during the recent financial crisis there is an ongoing debate about non-perorming loans (NPLs) as they have increased enormously, even in developed countries. This phenomenon has deteriorated the overall status of banks, especially in countries that affected more by the crisis, as the loan portfolio constitutes a very important part of banks' total assets. This situation has increased uncertainty towards the global banking system resulting to run on banks with negative effects on the liquidation of the financial system and therefore to the finaning of the real economy. The aim of this article is to examine the level of correlation of NPLs among the four systemic banks in Greece. The empirical results show that the level of NPLs of the examined banks is affected by the performance of the bank itself in previous periods, as well as the performance of the other three banks for the same periods. Furthermore, the impulse response of a positive shock on the level of NPLs of each bank proves the existance of correlation between the four banks.
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