Abstract-The enormous use of metallic wood preservatives has caused destructive impact on environment as well as human health. Therefore realizing the urgency of switching to Environment friendly options such as natural oils are being tested for their antimicrobial properties. The present study aimed at investigating potential of Neem oil against the growth ofdecaying fungi. The ability of Neem oil to inhibit mycelia growth of Schizophyllum commune, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium proliferatum, Coniophora puteana and Alternaria alternata was tested at different concentrations of 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0 and 10%. Results of the study revealed Neem oil concentrations above 2% were signi icantly inhibitory to all the tested fungi.
SummaryWhen mammalian cells experience DNA damaging stress, they block DNA replication to avoid erroneous replication of the damaged template. The cells that are unable to respond to DNA damage continue faulty DNA replication that results in incorporation of genomic lesions. To understand the regulation of replication machinery during stress, systemic studies have been carried out but they have been restricted to the evaluation of the mRNA levels and therefore have not been able to identify post-transcriptional changes, vital for immediate blocking of the progressing DNA replication. We have recently discovered that an essential replication factor is downregulated by radiation stress. In this study, we have carried out a systematic evaluation of protein levels of entire replication apparatus after different types of DNA damage. We report that, independent of the status of p53 and retinoblastoma protein, mammalian cells choose targets that are essential for prereplication, preinitiation, and elongation phases of replication. We imposed different kinds of stress to discern whether similar or unique responses are invoked, and we propose a model for inhibition of replication machinery in which mammalian cells target specific essential replication factors based on the experienced stress.2010 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 62(10): 764-775, 2010
Poster session 1, September 21, 2022, 12:30 PM - 1:30 PM Objectives To study the IL-23R (Th17) and CD25+ (Treg) in CD4 + T cell populations in rhino-orbital mucormycosis post-COVID-19 patients and in healthy controls. Methods The study included 20 cases of mucormycosis and 20 healthy controls. Nasal crust, collected post-surgery was subjected to KOH/culture for mycological identification. Venous blood sample (3 ml) was collected in EDTA vials from cases and controls and stained with different monoclonal antibodies such as CD3, CD4, CD25, and IL-23R for analyzing the expression of Th17 and Treg cells by flow cytometry. The assays were performed at the time of enrolment of patients and repeat blood samples were taken from each patient for staining 3 months later after treatment prescribed by Otorhinolaryngologists. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software and the P-value ≤ .05 considered as significant. All the data are expressed as the mean ± SD. Results All the cases were found positive by KOH and confirmed for Rhizopus arrhizus by culture. The flow cytometry analysis showed that the percentage of CD4 + IL-23R+ (Th17) cells was significantly high in patient before treatment compared to healthy controls and found to be lower post 3 months of antifungal treatment. The percentage positivity of CD4 + CD25+ (Tregs) cells was decreased in patients (before treatment) as compared to controls and after treatment groups. The percentage positivity of CD4 + CD25 + cells was significantly increased in patients after treatment. Conclusion We observed a noticeable immune imbalance, with elevated CD4 + IL-23R Th17 and diminished CD4 + CD25 + T regulatory cells. The findings imminently indicate the mechanism of immune dysregulation involving Th17 and Treg pathways in mucormycosis and provide evidence that restoration of Th17/Treg may be considered as a therapeutic option for long-term benefit. Recovery of CD4 + CD25 + T cells after treatment indicated a favorable phenotype outcome.
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