This study examined the curriculums and implementation of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) in upper secondary schools in Japan and Sweden and examined and compared the policies and cases of ESD practice. The comparison showed that ESD is present in the national curriculums of both countries, but is emphasized differently. In Sweden, it is more a matter of mentioning ESD as part of the principles that guide education, while in Japan, the integration of ESD into the subject syllabus is emphasized. The schools visited strove to implement ESD in their work. ESD is not an exclusive approach in addition to other school activities, but rather a central part of the schools´ work. Many issues are included under the umbrella of ESD, not only environmental issues. International contacts are one of the most important elements of the work, but this does not exclude local engagement. In fact, the schools have established impressive networks. Project work is an important approach in supporting students’ learning about sustainable development. A prerequisite for the successful work of the schools, which all have a certain reputation in the field of ESD, is the dedication of the teachers and the equally dedicated principals who support the work.
In this era of disruption, we are constantly facing the challenges of a changing world. The role of education is no longer limited to the transfer of knowledge and skills. As represented by Sustainable Development Goal 4, Education for Sustainable Development, the role of education is expanding in order to prepare young citizens who can not only cope with rapidly changing social conditions but who also have the capacity to transform society into a more sustainable one. Not surprisingly, equipping these next-generation citizens with intangible skills such as discipline, ethics, and morality has become a priority for educators internationally. It is in thiscontext that there has been emerging interest in "tokkatsu," a holistic Japanese approach to educating children. In this paper, tokkatsu is presented as a promising approach to addressing some of the serious issues in the Indonesian educational system, with a focus on developing the social skills, ethical framework and values of Indonesia's next generation.
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