Lichen sclerosus (LS) is an inflammatory dermatitis of unknown etiology that mostly affects the genital region in both the sexes. In active cases the histopathologic changes differentiate between LS and morphoea though in chronic cases it is very difficult to diagnose with certainty. Coexistence of both the conditions in a single patient indicates that these lesions represent a spectrum of similar pathologic process. Coexistence of both the conditions along Blaschko's lines is so far not described in literature. We report an Indian patient with both LS and morphoea occurring along Blaschko's lines.

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Background: Cervical Pap smear is a form of exfoliative cytology and has been widely accepted as a screening tool for cervical cancers. Among the various devices for collecting samples from cervix, wooden Ayre spatula and cytobrush are used commonly. Ayre spatula collects cells from the ectocervix whereas cytobrush from the transformation zone (TZ) and this study compares both techniques.Methods: A retrospective study was done by comparing two conventional Pap smears from all consecutive samples received in the cytopathology section of department of pathology (n=388); one with Ayre spatula and one with endocervical brush.  They were compared for quality parameters like spreading and staining of cells, morphologic preservation, presence of TZ component, degree of inflammation, presence of infection and predominant cell population. Appropriate statistical analysis was performed.Results: The smears made out of Ayre spatula showed better spreading (p≤0.00001) and staining (p=0.00022) as compared with those made using endocervical brush. However, the morphological preservation was equally comparable in both. The TZ component was significantly higher in the endocervical brush smear (p=0.00001). Inflammation was comparable in both (p=0.1916). Infection was detected more in ectocervical smears (p=0.00001). The cytobrush smears showed a significantly higher detection rate of endocervical cells (p≤0.00001).Conclusions: Based on our study, we conclude that the use of both Ayre spatula and endocervical brush together ensures higher efficiency than using a single method.

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Clear Cell Sarcoma of Kidney (CCSK) is a highly malignant renal tumour. The mean age of diagnosis is between 12-36 months. Due to heterogeneous histological appearance and age group affection similar to wilms tumour, it often leads to misdiagnosis. It has a tendency to metastasise distantly to bone and its therapeutic response differs from other childhood kidney tumours. So use of Immunohistochemical (IHC) markers becomes essential in many cases in differentiating CCSK from other paediatric renal neoplasms. It is extremely rare in adults, till now only 26 adult cases have been reported in the medical literature. Here, the case of a 49-year-old male presenting with haematuria and pedal oedema is reported. On radiological examination, he had a large left renal mass with tumour extension to Left Renal Vein (LRV) and Inferior Vena Cava (IVC) as thrombi. Histology and Immunohistochemistry (IHC) study revealed CCSK ruling the other differentials. This case is presented for its rarity in adult patients, unusual clinical feature of widespread vascular invasion rather than bone metastasis, simulating Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) and aggressive clinical behaviour. The diagnostic challenges faced by pathologist and clinicians further necessitate the proper diagnosis of the tumour for better management of such cases.

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