Mediastinal masses in dogs were diagnosed as basaloid carcinoma associated with multiple thymic cysts (MTCs). The masses were composed of MTCs and
proliferating intracystic neoplastic basaloid cells, which immunohistochemically diffusely expressed p63 and cytokeratin 19. A gradual transition from the basal
cell layers lining the cysts walls to the neoplastic cells was seen, and it was indicated that the neoplastic cells had originated from the basal cell layers of
the cysts. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of basaloid carcinoma occurring in the mediastinal cavity in dogs. Although these tumors were
demonstrated to be rare origins, basaloid carcinoma should be included in the differential diagnoses for canine mediastinal tumors.
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