Cultural tightness–looseness, one of the cultural dimensions that play an essential role in organizational development, is changing the perception of psychology and behavior in organizations. This study conducted a paired questionnaire survey of leaders and their employees from five Chinese companies over three periods during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results found that organizational cultural tightness was more influenced by transformational leadership. Different from previous findings, in the context of the Chinese epidemic, organizational cultural tightness positively predicted employees’ work engagement with the moderating effect of transformational leadership. Team-member exchange also mediated employees’ work engagement, which had a facilitative effect on employees’ work engagement. In future research, the contingent effects of other leadership styles and organizational cultural tightness will be explored to reveal the different mechanisms of action on employees’ work engagement.
Background: The year 2022 started with protests against COVID-19 restrictions throughout North America. These events manifest the fact that some segments of the population are not compliant with the preventive measures of COVID-19, and the reasons of the disobedience against public health regulation remain unclear. The current paper examined the joint effect of financial and health status on people’s likelihood of pursuing active coping efforts (i.e., following preventive measures) and giving up coping with the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: We conducted a large-scale survey study in China (N = 3834) in May 2020. Results: Our results showed that people with low financial status were less likely to manifest active coping behavior and more likely to give up coping with the pandemic. People’s self-confidence in coping with the pandemic mediated this effect. We showed that one’s health status could interact with their financial status in a way that healthy people with low financial status would have less confidence in their coping abilities and thus become less likely to pursue active coping efforts and more likely to give up coping with the pandemic. Conclusions: Our results call for policymakers to find more effective solutions for noncompliant groups so that they can abide by the general guidelines in the COVID-19 context and other social crises that may emerge in the future. We suggest that governments should concentrate their support efforts on healthy populations of low financial segments to prevent COVID-19 and other infectious diseases in the future from spreading further.
During a global public health event, i.e., COVID-19, interventions to improve the health behavior of the population have become the focus of health management strategies. The effects of various interventions during this period vary, and the effects of different variables on the intervention effects are not yet clear. This article screened 58 papers (n = 47264) through searching electronic databases, and revealed the optimal intervention through PMA and NMA, as well as the changes in intervention effectiveness under different conditions. Accordingly, future research should focus on the in-depth exploration of specific interventions to establish and improve the effectiveness of interventions.
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