Purpose: Bullying behaviors experienced during nursing education negatively affect students, educators, quality of training, and patient care. The purpose of this study was to develop a valid, reliable, short, and comprehensive scale to measure the bullying behaviors of nursing students in the education environment. Methods: The Bullying Behaviors in Nursing Education (BBNE) tool was developed by adapting the Workplace Psychological Violence Behaviors scale. The data were collected from 442 nursing students from April to May 2017. The BBNE was tested using structural equation modeling, and validity and reliability results were obtained. Moreover, complementary statistics were determined, and the violence behaviors experienced by nursing students were reported. Results: The full BBNE scale, with 30 items and four factors, was not verified (c 2 /df ¼ 4.31); 12 items were excluded, and the modified structure with 18 items and four factors was verified (c 2 /df ¼ 2.60; root-mean-square error of approximation ¼ .06). The scale's Cronbach's a coefficient is .88, and the structure reliability is .92. Twenty-five percent of the 442 students scored 1 or higher in the total scale, showing that they were subject to bullying behaviors. Conclusion: The BBNE scale can be used to measure the bullying behaviors of nursing students in the education environment. When such behaviors are identified, students can struggle on the personal and organization level. Providing a safer and comfortable education environment for nursing students who are the guarantee of the future of health care will positively affect the quality of education and patient care in parallel.

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Background: Pandemics such as COVID-19 create heightened fear and anxiety, causing deterioration in the behaviours, social and psychological well-being of people. It can be thought that the anxiety levels of healthcare workers will increase more because they have a higher risk of contamination, work under COVID-19 isolation-measures and heavy workload. Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine the COVID-19-related anxiety levels of individuals, the ways of coping with, the demographic factors affecting anxiety, and whether the anxiety level of healthcare workers is different from others. Methods: This study was carried out with data obtained from 1017 participants via google forms between May-July 2020. In the collection of data, the 12-item COVID-19-related anxiety scale, which was developed by researcher and analysed for validity and reliability; 13 items for ways of coping; some demographic questions were used. The COVID-19-related anxiety scale consisted of three dimensions: "cognitive", "physiological and emotional", "behavioural", which explained 71% of the variance. The Cronbach alpha of scale was 0.85. Results: The COVID-19-related anxiety levels of participants were slightly above the moderate level (2.83±0.72). The anxiety levels of healthcare workers were not different from others. There was a difference in anxiety levels according to demographic characteristics of participants, such as age, gender, living in Turkey or abroad, working status/type, and smoking addiction. Cognitive coping, social support, distraction, relaxation techniques were identified as ways of coping with anxiety. Conclusion: COVID-19 pandemic created anxiety in people. More studies need to understand the long-term effects of the pandemic.

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