BackgroundThe incidence and mortality of kidney cancer have steadily increased by 2%- 3% per decade worldwide, and an increased risk of kidney cancer has been observed in many Asian countries. The information on the incidence and mortality of a disease and its distribution is essential for better planning for prevention and further studies. ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the incidence and mortality of kidney cancer and their correlation with the human development index (HDI) in Asia. Materials and MethodsThis ecological study was based on GLOBOCAN data Asia for assessment the correlation between age-specific incidence rate (ASIR) and age-specific mortality rate (ASMR) with HDI and its details that include life expectancy at birth, mean years of schooling and gross national income (GNI) per capita. We use of correlation bivariate method for assessment the correlation between ASIR and ASMR with HDI and its components. ResultsA total of 121 099 kidney cancer cases were recorded in Asian countries in 2012.Overall, 80 080 cases (66.12%) were males. Sex ratio was 1.95. The three countries with the highest number of new patients were china (66 466 cases), Japan (16 830 cases), India(9658 cases), respectively. Positive correlation were seen between HDI and ASIR of kidney cancer 0.655 (P = 0.001), and HDI and ASMR of kidney cancer 0.285 (P = 0.055). ConclusionsA positive relationship between ASIR and the HDI was seen. The relationship is due to risk factors in countries with high development such as older age, smoking, hypertension, obesity, and diet. However, ASMR showed no significant relationship with HDI.

The pandemic of coronavirus (COVID‐19) has significantly increased the admission of patients with extensive complications, especially for respiratory support, to intensive care units (ICUs) worldwide. These patients also suffer from pressure ulcers (PUs) as another complication that occurs due to increased length of hospitalisation and acute conditions of patients. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the incidence and prevalence of PU and the factors affecting it in COVID‐19 patients admitted to ICUs. This cohort retrospective study used registry data in Imam Reza Hospital located in west of Iran. Four hundred and forty‐five COVID‐19 patients older than 20 years hospitalised in corona ICUs from 20 March 2020 to 30 December 2020, with a Braden score of less than 14 were included in the study. To investigate the relationship between variables in rate prevalence, univariate logistic regression analysis was used to calculate odds ratio, and for incidence rate in estimating PU risk generated in ICUs, hazard ratio was calculated using cox regression. One hundred and eighty‐three (41.12%) patients were male. The mean age of patients was 63 (SD = ±9.78) years. A total of 1152 cases of PU were generated, with the highest prevalence of PU with 234 cases in the sacrum. One hundred and seventy‐six (55.87%) patients underwent non‐invasive ventilation ulcers. The prevalence of PU was 79.7%. The highest prevalence was found in people over 80 years with 90.67%. The incidence ratio was 46.74%. The highest number of new cases was seen in diabetic patients with 60.96%. First‐degree ulcers were the most common degree of ulceration in 252 (55.38%) patients. Incidence and prevalence excluding first‐degree wounds were 24.04% and 49.66%, respectively. Age, Braden score, BMI, comorbidity, diabetes mellitus, stool incontinence, Glasgow coma scale, vasopressor, and length of hospital stay were significantly associated with PU ( P < .05). The incidence and prevalence of PU in patients were high in this study. The length of hospitalisation and Braden score were the most important factors in the development of PU. The widespread prevalence of COVID‐19 and the relatively long stay of patients in the ICU created unfavourable conditions for patients and the treatment system, therefore, it emphasised the use of appropriate measures to prevent PU to avoid double costs and longer stays.

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Background Migraine headaches affect all ages, from childhood to old age. Migraine attacks cause significant changes in the living conditions of the sick person, including a decrease in personal, social, and occupational performance. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of migraine in Iran through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Method In this systematic review and meta-analysis study, the studies associated with the prevalence of migraine using the keywords: migraine, prevalence, and Iran its equivalents in international databases PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Science direct, and Iranian internal information databases, including SID and MagIran, was searched without limit until November 2022. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (Version 2) was used to analyze the data. Due to the high number of studies reviewed in this systematic review, the Begg and Mazumdar test was used at a significance level of 0.1, and the corresponding Funnel plot was used to check publication bias. Also, the I2 test was used to check the heterogeneity in this study. Results 22 records were included in the final analysis. The prevalence of migraine in the general population of Iran was 15.1% (confidence interval 95%: 10.7–20.9), and in this population, the prevalence of migraine was higher in women than in men. The prevalence of migraine based on The International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD) 2 criteria was reportedly 16.4% (95% CI: 10.8–24.1), and with ICHD3 criteria, this value was reported as 17.1% (95% CI: 7.7–33.6). Based on a survey of 4571 children, the prevalence of migraine was reported to be 5.2% (95% CI: 1.3–18.7). Also, the prevalence of migraine in adolescents was calculated based on eight studies (n = 8820). Accordingly, 11.2% (95% CI: 5.8–20.4) of adolescents have migraines. Meanwhile, the prevalence of migraine in boys was 8.2% (95% CI: 4.8–13.7), and in girls was 8% (95% CI: 6.2–12.7). Conclusion As a result, the prevalence of migraine in Iran, based on population-based studies, was reported as 15.1%. The result showed a higher prevalence of migraine in the general population than in children and adolescents. It was also found that the prevalence of migraine in women is higher than in men.

Background: Long-term mechanical ventilation can adversely affect patients and the healthcare system. Ventilator-dependent patients need specialized care, frequent monitoring, and long-term hospitalization in ICUs, increasing patient costs and intensive care units' occupation. 40% of the total time when the patient is connected to the mechanical ventilation device is devoted to the weaning process of these patients from the mechanical ventilation device. Therefore, it is necessary to separate the patient undergoing mechanical ventilation as soon as possible. Consequently, we conducted a systematic review study to investigate the best methods of weaning intensive care unit patients from the ventilator in Iran. Method: In this systematic review, studies relevant to the latest methods according to PRISMA 2020 of weaning the patient from the ventilator in Iran, after transferring the studies to EndNote software and removing duplicate studies, were examined by two researchers separately. In case of disagreements, a third collaborator reassessed the study and made the final decision. The evaluation of the studies was done during the primary, secondary, qualitative evaluation, and data extraction stages. Results: In the primary search in the researchers' chosen databases, we identified 1103 possible related articles and transferred them to EndNote software used for data management. We excluded 235 duplicate articles from our survey. In the screening stage, 457 articles were excluded from the remaining 868 studies by reading the article's title and its abstract according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. In the stage of evaluating the eligibility, from 411 studies, researchers excluded 402 articles by researchers through reading the full text of articles based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria due to their irrelevance. Based on STROBE and CONSORT checklists, the qualitative evaluation stage excluded no article from the remaining 9 studies due to poor methodological quality. Finally, nine studies were included in the final analysis. Conclusion: Identifying and adopting strategies to promote successful mechanical ventilation weaning is a priority for research and quality improvement. This study has reviewed the evidence related to various methods designed to promote the success of weaning from the ventilator in Iran. However, it seems that more studies are needed to discover the effectiveness of ventilator-weaning strategies.

The goal of VUDJOOD (existence) algebra is to provide the capability of visual intelligence for intelligent machines that are like humans. These machines should visually recognize surrounding objects and machines and finally decide which manufacturing disciplines, to be applied on the object. The present work is an effort to accelerate achieving this purpose. In this paper we focused on the 3D recognition process using VUDJOOD algebra theory. 3D Rotary Raster Photogrammetric Scanner (3D RRP Scanner) is designed and built at the Machine Tools Control lab of IUST. This scanner is used to generate the points-cloud of objects. Then these points-clouds are checked in the VUDJOOD equations. Finally the object which has the most overlapping with the points-cloud is recognized as the desired object. Objects identifying Algorithm has been studied for a few objects with simple geometry using the experimental tests. Dimensional accuracy of detection results is acceptable.