IntroductionThe prevalence of beta-thalassemia mutations is different in various castes, regions, and ethnic groups. By knowing this prevalence, we can conduct a targeted screening of only the high-risk population and only for the specific mutations that are prevalent in each group.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine the regional, caste-wise, and ethnic spectrum of beta-thalassemia mutations in couples referred for a prenatal diagnosis.MethodsA cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at the thalassemia unit, Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur, from October 1, 2015, to May 15, 2018. After obtaining informed consent, chorionic villus sampling (CVS) was performed in 144 women having a gestational age of 12 to 16 weeks. We took blood samples of the couples. A chromosomal analysis for 13 mutations was done at Punjab Thalassaemia Prevention Programme (PTPP), Lahore. The researchers filled a questionnaire with all the details of couples like ethnicity, caste, and region.ResultsThe most common mutation was Fr 8-9(+G), accounting for 29.8%, followed by IVS 1-5(G-C), which was 28.9%. We did not find three mutations in any chromosome. Fr 8-9 (+G) was the most common mutation among Punjabis and Pakhtoons. IVS 1-5 (G-C) was the most common mutation among Saraikis and Urdu-speaking people. In Rajputs, Arains, Jatts, and Pathans, Fr 8-9 (+G) was the most common mutation. IVS 1-5 (G-C) was the most common mutation among Sheikhs, Balochs, Syeds, and Miscellaneous. IVS 1-5 (G-C) was the most common mutation in the Bahawalpur division and Ghotki (Sindh) while Fr 8-9 (+G) was the most common mutation in the Multan division. The p-value of all the results was <0.001.ConclusionThere is an ethnic, caste-wise, and regional distribution of mutations. We can conduct a targeted screening of the population and provide counseling about chorionic villus sampling by using this local data.
Objectives: To find out the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography in benign and malignant lesions in patients of obstructive jaundice, taking histopathology as gold standard. Material and methods: This cross sectional study was conducted at Department of Radiology, Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur October 2019 to April 2020. A total of 164 patients with suspected cases of obstructive jaundice and age 25-65 years of either gender were included. Then magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) was performed in every patient by 1.5 Tesla MR System using a torso phased-array coil. After this, each patient was undergone operation in the concerned ward. Findings of MRCP were compared with the findings of histopathology. Results: In MRCP positive patients, 78 were true positive (TP) and 13 were false positive (FP). Among 73, MRCP negative patients, 08 were false negative (FN) whereas 65 were True Negative (TN). Overall specificity, sensitivity, NPV, PPV and diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography in benign and malignant lesions in patients of obstructive jaundice, taking histopathology as gold standard was 90.70%, 83.33%, 85.71%, 89.04% and 87.20% respectively. Conclusion: This study concluded that magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) is the non-invasive modality of choice with diagnostic accuracy in diagnosing in benign and malignant lesions in obstructive jaundice patients. Keywords: obstructive jaundice, sensitivity, magnetic resonance imaging.
Aim: PPV of contrast enhanced fluid - attenuated inversion recovery (CE -FLAIR) MRI for diagnosis of meningitis considering CSF as gold standard Study Design: It is a cross-sectional study Setting & duration: Radiology department,, BVH, Bahawalpur 01-01- 2019 to 30- 06- 2019 Methods: A total of 130 patients having signs & symptoms of meningitis for last 72 hours with age group 15-50 years were included. MRI was performed on a 1.5 tesla MR System. The MRI protocol included the T1W SE sequence, the T2W SE sequence, the T1W sequence wit h FS, the FLAIR sequence. The CE-FLAIR, T1W sequences wit h MT and FS were obtained after administration of intravenous gadobutrol in a dose of 0.1mmo l/kg body weight. After this, lumbar puncture was done and CSF was sent to the laboratory for analysis. CE -FLAIR MRI findings were correlated with CSF report. Results: All the patients were subjected first to CE-FLAIR MRI. CE-FLAIR MRI supported the diagnosis of meningitis in 80 (61.5%) patients. CSF confir med meningitis in 71 (true positive) cases where as 09 (False Positive) had no meningitis on CSF. PPV of CE -FLAIR MRI in diagnosis of meningitis was 88.8%. Conclusion: PPV of CE -FLAIR MRI in diagnosing meningitis is quit e high. Keywords: Meningitis, CE -FLAIR MRI
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