Background Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) have an increased risk of ischaemic stroke. The risk can be predicted by the CHA2DS2-VASc score, in which the vascular component refers to previous myocardial infarction, peripheral artery disease and aortic plaque, whereas coronary artery disease (CAD) is not included. Objectives This article explores whether CAD per se or extent provides independent prognostic information of future stroke among patients with AF. Materials and Methods Consecutive patients with AF and coronary angiography performed between 2004 and 2012 were included. The endpoint was a composite of ischaemic stroke, transient ischaemic attack and systemic embolism. The risk of ischaemic events was estimated according to the presence and extent of CAD. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) were calculated in reference to patients without CAD and adjusted for parameters included in the CHA2DS2-VASc score and treatment with anti-platelet agents and/or oral anticoagulants. Results Of 96,430 patients undergoing coronary angiography, 12,690 had AF. Among patients with AF, 7,533 (59.4%) had CAD. Mean follow-up was 3 years. While presence of CAD was an independent risk factor for the composite endpoint (adjusted IRR, 1.25; 1.06–1.47), extent of CAD defined as 1-, 2-, 3- or diffuse vessel disease did not add additional independent risk information. Conclusion Presence, but not extent, of CAD was an independent risk factor of the composite thromboembolic endpoint beyond the components already included in the CHA2DS2-VASc score. Consequently, we suggest that significant angiographically proven CAD should be included in the vascular disease criterion in the CHA2DS2-VASc score.

Recent trials of antithrombotic therapy in patients with CAD have demonstrated substantial reductions in ischemic stroke. Our aim was to examine ischemic stroke risk in patients with CAD and to identify those at highest risk. We examined ischemic stroke risk in patients without AF undergoing coronary angiography (CAG) between 2004 and 2012. Patients were stratified according to presence or absence of CAD and further stratified by extent of CAD (0 VD, 1 VD, 2 VD, 3 VD, and diffuse VD). Endpoints were composites of ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA), and systemic embolism, as well as major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) defined as cardiac death, myocardial infarction, plus ischemic stroke/TIA/systemic embolism. Adjusted incidence rate ratios (IRR) were estimated. A total of 68,829 patients were included, 25,032 had 0 VD, 4,736 had diffuse VD, 18,471 had 1 VD, 10,588 had 2 VD, and 10,002 had 3 VD. Median follow-up was 4.0 years. CAD extent was associated with an increased risk of stroke/TIA/systemic embolism (1VD: adjusted IRR 1.02, 95% CI 0.90-1.16;

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Background Only few studies in selected cohorts have examined whether the CHA2DS2‐VASc score can predict the risk of atrial fibrillation and thromboembolic events in patients without atrial fibrillation. Materials and methods Patients with coronary angiography performed between 2004 and 2012 were grouped according to CHA2DS2‐VASc score. We excluded patients with atrial fibrillation, anticoagulant therapy and follow‐up <30 days. The endpoints were atrial fibrillation and a composite of ischaemic stroke, transient ischaemic attack and systemic embolism. Event rates per 100 person‐years were estimated for each CHA2DS2‐VASc score (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and >4). Incidence rate ratios were calculated using low‐risk patients (CHA2DS2‐VASc score 0 in males or 1 in females) as reference. Results In total, 78 233 patients were included with group sizes varying between 8299 (CHA2DS2‐VASc >4) and 19 882 (CHA2DS2‐VASc 2). An increasing CHA2DS2‐VASc score was significantly associated with a future diagnosis of atrial fibrillation (P for trend <0.0001) and an incremental risk of ischaemic stroke, transient ischaemic attack, systemic embolism (P for trend <0.0001) and all‐cause death (P for trend <0.0001). Patients with a CHA2DS2‐VASc score of 3 had a rate of ischaemic stroke/transient ischaemic attack/systemic embolism of 1.30 per 100 person‐years. Conclusions Among patients undergoing coronary angiography, the CHA2DS2‐VASc score predicted a future diagnosis of atrial fibrillation and the composite risk of ischaemic stroke, transient ischaemic attack or systemic embolism in patients without atrial fibrillation. A CHA2DS2‐VASc score of 3 was associated with a risk that would justify prophylactic oral anticoagulation treatment in a patient with atrial fibrillation.