Purpose:The article aims to present the use of fuzzy technologies to model the welfare of the population in the system of effective management of the country's economy. In particular, the aim was to develop an approach to assessing the welfare of the country's population based on the use of fuzzy logic and fuzzy set theory. Design/Methodology/Approach: The paper deals with the procedure of fuzzy assessment of the welfare level of the country's population. The expert approach to forming a system of six partial indicators, the value of which is taken into account when calculating the level of welfare of the country's population, is used. After selecting the set of primary indicators, their value is reduced to a fuzzy form. We next find the magnitude of the original integral index of this level in a fuzzy form. Finally, we define the precise value of this integral index, which corresponds to its fuzzy form. Findings: The results obtained indicate the effectiveness of the socio-economic policy of the state during the study period, which resulted in a significant improvement in the welfare of the population of Ukraine despite social and economic instability. Practical Implications: The results obtained indicate the effectiveness of the socio-economic policy of the state during the study period, which resulted in a significant improvement in the welfare of the population of Ukraine despite social and economic instability. Originality/Value: The assessment of the level of welfare of the population, which is based on the use of the theory of fuzzy logic and fuzzy sets and the possibility of taking into account in the calculations of these quantitative and qualitative primary factors that shape this welfare.
Purpose: The objective of this article is the identification of SMEs' business environment factors affecting success during a pandemic. Design/Methodology/Approach: The research was based on a deductive approach and was conducted in the first months of the pandemic in 2020 in the Lower Silesia. The research technique used GOOGLE electronic survey questionnaire and the collected data were statistically processed (SPSS). Nonparametric tests were used to analyze the data. Findings: The results of the collected data confirmed the previous literature analysis conducted in the theoretical part of the paper. The verification of the research hypotheses on the assumptions of the influence of the environment on the success of enterprises during pandemmic did not confirm what may be the reason for the initial shock of the market and the lack of preparation of entrepreneurs for the new economic reality during pandemic. The verification of the specific hypotheses showed that the empirical approach adopted coincided with the conceptual approach formed based on the theoretical analysis of the literature on the subject. Practical Implications: The analysis of the results is partially consistent with the literature studies on the impact of the environment on micro and small enterprises conducted before the pandemic. Nevertheless, the assumptions made at the stage of selecting the research sample, allow to formulate a thesis about the broader universality of the confirmed regularities, which should be confirmed in extended research. Originality/value: The paper describes the diagnosed competence gap in the area of SMEs management in the current economic conditions of the pandemic. Which is an extremely complicated task due to the lack of precedents giving guidance to enterprises resulting from history and literature on the subject. In view of this, the identification of environmental factors leading to the maintenance of success in such unusual conditions is a desirable goal to achieve in scientific and practical aspects.
While looking for investment opportunities, investors analyse whether a potential investment will bring satisfactory returns, the level of which depends on many risk factors. That is why it is necessary to analyse the potential risks in the process of investment management. The investors need to possess knowledge of such risks, their influence on the investment, and the methods of avoiding risk. Given the scale of investments into residential property, the focus has been on the risk factors determining the return on investment, which is crucial for a large number of small investors. Identification of different kinds of risks associated with residential premises is crucial for the management of such investments and translates directly into the level of return on the investment. The increase of the investments into residential property is caused by a number of small investors who are looking for an alternative method of investing. Their funds do not bring a satisfactory level of returns while in bank deposits. Those investors recognise the opportunity which arises from renting flats. The temptation of high returns compensates the level of risk.
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