We present a systematic study of the electronic and magnetic properties of two-dimensional ordered alloys, consisting of two representative hosts (MnPS 3 and NiPS 3 ) of transition metal phosphorus trichalcogenides doped with 3d elements. For both hosts, our DFT + U calculations are able to qualitatively reproduce the ratios and signs of all experimentally observed magnetic couplings. The relative strength of all antiferromagnetic exchange couplings, both in MnPS 3 and in NiPS 3 , can successfully be explained using an effective direct exchange model: it reveals that the third-neighbor exchange dominates in NiPS 3 due to the filling of the t 2g subshell, whereas for MnPS 3 , the first-neighbor exchange prevails, owing to the presence of the t 2g magnetism. On the other hand, the nearest neighbor ferromagnetic coupling in NiPS 3 can only be explained using a more complex superexchange model and is (also) largely triggered by the absence of the t 2g magnetism. For the doped systems, the DFT + U calculations revealed that magnetic impurities do not affect the magnetic ordering observed in the pure phases, and thus, in general in these systems, ferromagnetism may not be easily induced by such a kind of elemental doping. However, unlike for the hosts, the first and second (dopant–host) exchange couplings are of similar order of magnitude. This leads to frustration in the case of antiferromagnetic coupling and may be one of the reasons of the observed lower magnetic ordering temperature of the doped systems.

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Electron-hole creation in single-layer intrinsic graphene interacting with bicircular laser fields is investigated. Due to the linear dispersion relation near the degeneracy points, the electron and hole dynamics are treated according to the Dirac theory, i.e., it is assumed that the charge carriers behave as ultrarelativistic massless fermions. Of special interest is their dynamical mass generation induced by a THz electromagnetic radiation. The harmonic response from graphene and electron currents induced by the bicircular laser field are also analyzed.