SummaryThe cooperation of the three sectors included in the Triple Helix (TH), i.e. science, business and public administration is carried out in varied ways. The course of the relationship is not only affected by the sectors themselves but also by factors specific to the environment in which they operate.The article focuses on the local aspects of the TH model -actors who create it and give it a specific, individualized dimension. At the beginning of deliberations, the authors hypothesized that the formation of Białystok Science and Technology Park contributed to the intensification of cooperation between the three sectors in the city of Bialystok and the incubation of new innovative enterprises. The aim of the study was to determine the local TH model parameters in the City of Bialystok and evaluate the potential of individual actors.In Bialystok, public administration has highest potential within the local TH model. Due to the relatively high degree of integration and concentration of authority in the city it is much easier to carry out long-term innovation policy. The basic problem of business and science turns out to be a low degree of concentration, which hinders the diffusion of knowledge and reduces competitiveness.In Bialystok LGU is the moderator of cooperation between the three sectors -there is a etatistic model. The current local government intervention is supposed to lead to the independence of the two other spheres, through their innovation and increase in competitiveness.
e paper presents the e ects of the approach of the BRIC countries' authorities (Brazil, Russia, India and China) to the issues of growth, development and social satisfaction. e aim was to establish which of the BRIC countries best used the favorable economic conditions for achievement of social objectives. e paper shows the results of reasearches on a correlation between the assessment of quality of life of the population and growth as well as economic development on the example of the BRIC countries. Comparison of qualitative and quantitative (from economic to psychological) indicators allowed to evaluate the e ectiveness of governments' policies. As a result of the analysis, the author stated that a steady increase in income is essential and should be used by the authorities of the state to ensure the development and to satisfy the needs of the society. In the last three decades, BRIC achieved dynamic economic growth, which in di erent ways in uenced the socio-economic development. Consequently, only Brazil used the economic growth properly to improve the social and living conditions of the population, which had an e ect on the level of the happiness of the society.
Integracja państw europejskich, będąca wynikiem wydarzeń początku XX wieku, przyczyniła się do wzrostu w skali globalnej dyfuzji instytucjonalizacji mię-dzynarodowej władz lokalnych i regionalnych. Jednym z podstawowych założeń w ramach polityki Unii Europejskiej jest wzrost udziału najniższych szczebli wła-dzy w procesie decyzyjnym.Rywalizacja między władzą centralną a regionalną i lokalną trwa od wieków. Nurty hołdujące centralizacji ścierają się ze zwolennikami polityki większej samodzielności najmniejszych społeczności, udowadniając, że ta komórka wie najlepiej, co jest dla niej właściwe. Wpływ lokalnej grupy na decyzje i poglądy jej przedstawiciela jest znacznie większy niż ma to miejsce w przypadku władz na szczeblu krajowym. Jednym z wyników takiej aktywności może być działalność w ramach organizacji o charakterze międzynarodowym, do których należy m.in. Komitet Regionów.Celem opracowania jest przedstawienie roli Komitetu Regionów jako instytucji, która umożliwia reprezentantom władz lokalnych i regionalnych uzyskanie realnego wpływu na polityki Unii Europejskiej. Uczestnictwo w tego typu organizacjach jest przejawem aktywności samorządów. Daje im możliwość prezentacji własnych przemyśleń, problemów i celów na forum europejskim. Pozwala to na kształtowanie prawa wspólnotowego przy pośrednim udziale społeczeństwa obywatelskiego.
Integrated Territorial Investments (ITI) is a new support instrument dedicated to solving specific territorial problems of urban functional areas. About 6% of the allocation of the Regional Operational Program for Podlaskie Voivodship 2014-2020 is planned for realization of activities implemented in frame of ITI in the Białystok Functional Area (BFA). This support is for: strengthening the potential and competitiveness of the region's economy, enhancing competences and qualifications, low carbon economy and improving social cohesion. In particular, the support for business development by increasing investment attractiveness is planned. Allocation of ITI for this purpose is ca. 13,7 mln EUR. The aim of the article is to assess the state of entrepreneurship development and the range of support for the competitiveness of enterprises in the BFA in frame of ITI instrument. It will be presented a case study of projects implementing in BFA in frame of ITI instrument to support enterprise development and research conducted by Bialystok Functional Area Association (BFAA). Case study will be preceded by an analysis of the competitiveness of the local entrepreneurship and analysis of theoretical issues.
Goal-The objective of the paper is to identify the character of the integration of projects realized using EU funds in Bialystok Functional Area (BFA). There was formulated hypothesis which implies that integrated projects constitute the majority of undertakings realized within the instrument of integrated territorial investments (ITI) in BFA. Research methodology-The analysis was based both on the subject literature and data from the institution responsible for the policy of BFA development, i.e. The Association of Bialystok Functional Area on the basis of information included in the SL 2014 system within the research conducted from 20 th to 31 st July 2018. Score-The conducted analysis of integrated projects in BFA showed that they constitute an essential instrument in implementing the adopted development strategy of the functional area when considerable amount of funds is necessary to finance such enterprises. Originality/value-The paper's value lies in the description and assessment of integrated projects using the example of BFA. It is a new way of conducting the development policy of these areas, which may be the basis for planning the strategy for the subsequent years.
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