Abstract. The purpose of the study is to establish the features of the formation of soybean grain harvest in the territory of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Methods. Analysis of statistical information on soybean cultivation and agro-climatic resources in the territory of the Republic of Bashkortostan, field experience and field observations. The heat supply of soybeans was estimated by the sum of active temperatures, moisture availability – by the amount of precipitation, relative humidity and hydrothermal coefficient (GTK) during the soybean vegetation period (June-August). The sum of active temperatures, the amount of precipitation and the hydrothermal coefficient in the years of the study were calculated using statistical data from the Federal State Statistics Service. The variability of the features was estimated by the coefficient of variation. The nature and degree of interconnection of the features was determined by correlation-regression analysis using the Excel computer program. Results. The features of the process of formation of soybean yield in the territory of the Republic of Bashkortostan have been established. Morphometric indicators of soybean plants SIBNIIK 315 on the territory of the Republic of Bashkortostan have a smaller value than the passport parameters of this variety. The main limiting growth and development of plants, soybean yield in the Republic of Bashkortostan are moisture (correlation coefficient 0.866) and heat (correlation coefficient 0.592). The fertility of the soil in most of the territory of the republic is high enough for the growth and development of plants and does not limit the formation of the soybean crop. It is established that the dependence of soybean yield on the amount of precipitation, the sum of active temperatures and SCC has the form of a single-vertex curve. On the territory of the Republic of Bashkortostan in heat-supplying years, it is possible to compensate for the lack of moisture for the formation of a soybean crop by watering crops. Irrigation allowed the formation of soybean yields in field experiments by 5–6.4 c/ha more than on bogar. Scientific novelty. The features of the formation of the soybean crop are revealed and the degree and nature of the dependence of the soybean grain yield on the amount of precipitation and the amount of active temperatures in the period “June – August” are established.
The paper presents field experiments and laboratory analyses to study productivity and nutritional qualities of the grain of four F1 hybrids of winter rye (Aviator, Ravo, Prommo, Eterno), and the population variety Chulpan 7 in the natural conditions of the Southern Ural. The research revealed an individual difference in the nutritional qualities of grain and the content of anti-nutritional substances between different studied F1 hybrids, and compared them with the Chulpan 7 variety. Hybrids of winter rye formed higher grain productivity (from 4.65 t/ha to 6.07 t/ha) in comparison with the Chulpan 7 variety. The paper assesses the content of anti-nutritional substances (water-soluble pentosans) in grain, the kinematic viscosity of the water-extractable from grain hybrids (water-soluble pentosans 1.55 ‒ 1.74%, the viscosity of the water extract 18.3 ‒ 23.1 cSt and winter rye variety (of water-soluble pentosans 1.75%, the viscosity of the water extract was 23.4 cSt), and the dependence of these indicators on the environment during the growing season. The paper also presents the results of determining the nutritional value of the grain of hybrids and the Chulpan 7 variety by the content of crude proteins, starch, phosphorus, calcium, and potassium.
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