Presently the worldwide lockdown from Covid-19 give a huge effect on different sectors across the board, notably on energy consumption. Lockdowns have fuelled the intensification of low-carbon resources in terms of electricity production, yet a drastic upswing in electricity use in residential districts during the pandemic. By exploring economic renewable energy resources, the world is trying to overcome the crisis and one of them is wind energy, where this sustainable energy system is highly demanded, thus reducing global CO2 emissions. Researchers have carried out several findings on wind energy obtained from wind turbines at various potential locations, but most of it used natural sources as a wind stream. Therefore, a revolutionary concept on extracting clean energy from manufactured wind resources with wind turbine system for power generation is introduced in recent studies. The main goal of this review paper is to emphasize the performances of power generation through Exhaust Air Energy Recovery Wind Turbine. The potentiality of wind extractions is reviewed to achieve the clear overview of this new progressive ideas and the important configurations is accentuated. Most findings indicated that this energy recovery device converts wasted energy to a more profitable form by converting it to electricity, resulting in a rapid return on investment. Moreover, the enclosing the output area of wind turbines for recovering energy enhances overall efficiency.

Low-Rank Coal (LRC) gasification utilising Fluidised Bed Gasifier (FBG) is more efficient for LRC that has higher reactivity, moisture, tar, volatile, and ash content but lower calorific value compared to other types of coals. This work investigated the application of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) in simulating LRC gasification under different temperatures which is lower (873K), normal (973K) and higher (1073K) temperature atmosphere. Besides that, the effect of LRC type and gasifying agents on the producer gas CO+H2 composition, Lower Heating Value (LHV) and Cold Gas Efficiency (CGE) were also studied using High-rank Coal (HRC) as comparison. The results obtained showed that LRC gasification using oxygen increased LHV and CGE. Lower temperature gasification using oxygen at 873 increased CO+H2, LHV and CGE for LRC compared to higher temperatures at 973K and 1073K. This prediction suggests that LRC gasification using oxygen at lower temperature increases the LRC gasification efficiency.

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A multiphase Eulerian- eulerian model integrating the kinetic theory of granular particle (KTGF) was used to simulate the gasification of Malaysian low- rank coal (LRC), Merit- Pila inside a bubbling fluidised bed (BFB) gasifier. The model used includes the bubbling phenomenon and gasificationprocess that occurs inside a BFB gasifier. The gasification process simulated includes drying, heterogeneous reactions of char combustion, devolatilization, water- gas shift reaction, Boudourd reactionand gas phase homogenous reactions. The results from this model are compared to the results of Merit-Pila coal gasification, from which experimental data is available. Comparison of the pressure profile shows good agreement with experimental results. The temperature distribution shows that the maximum temperature is around 1100K which also shows good agreement with experimental values which is 1087K. Besides that, three out of six species mass fraction which is N2, H2 and CH4 produced similar values with experimental values. This shows the simulation conducted was capable to predict the gasification process of Low- rank coal, namely Merit-Pila.

Introduction: Wettability and fluid absorption are two important bone scaffold characteristics that determine proper cell attachment and flow of nutrition and oxygen. To imitate the human bone structure, the current study was carried to investigate the effect of the porosity of bone scaffold and contact angle of the fluid by evaluating the height of capillary rise. Methods: The structure was simplified based on the circle and square pattern and evaluated using Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD). Porosity and contact angle were varied from 50% to 80%, while the contact angle ranged from 0 degrees to 60 degrees. The result was evaluated further using statistical analysis. Results: The CFD result was in agreement with Jurin’s law (9% error). The height of capillary rise was found to be excellent for the square pattern, while the circle was found to work across all the investigated parameters better. The porosity was correlated with the height of capillary rise (r = -0.549). The strongest correlation happened to contact angle (r =-0.781). Conclusion: The study concludes that water absorption and wettability can be altered and improved based on porosity. Meanwhile, the height of capillary rise depends strongly on the contact angle.