FoxP3 and Vav1 are known to be involved in the development of regulatory T cells. Two polymorphic sites in the FoxP3 promoter (rs3761548 and a (GT) -dinucleotide repeat) and 2 single nucleotide polymorphisms in intron 1 of the Vav1 gene (rs2546133 and rs2617822) have been shown to correlate with gene expression levels. We investigated a potential impact of FoxP3 and Vav1 genetic variants on kidney allograft failure using samples and data of the Collaborative Transplant Study. A cohort of 384 kidney transplant patients was tested. We found no significant association of FoxP3 promoter rs3761548 or (GT) repeat length with presumed immunological graft failure. The genotype frequencies of Vav1 intron polymorphisms did not significantly differ between patients with graft failure and matched controls.
Electrochemical detection (ECD) is one of the best means for producing DNA biosensors and disposable microchips, oriented for electroactive analyte's separation and detection applications like biomedical and in vitro diagnostic. Electrode material is one of the major factors that influence the performance and development of biosensors and ECD microchips. Traditionally, the ECD sensing has been based on platinum electrode which is costly though it offers good current sensitivity. In this study a copper electrode has been investigated as an alternative sensing strategy. Preliminary results indicate that the copper electrodes are also capable of performing both detection and separation, yielding a significant limit of detection. On average the copper electrodes are capable of detecting the redox currents which are consistently higher 10 IlA compared to 30 IlA for platinum electrodes using DNAanalytes. This work will pave the way in designing a more affordable and disposable microchips.
Carica papaya is a well-liked and economically important fruit with outstanding nutritional and medicinal values. Its susceptibility to abiotic stress which affects the growth and harvest, causes significant yield loss to farmers. In recent years, significant progress has been made to understand the genes that play critical roles in abiotic stress response, especially some transcription factor (TF) encoding genes. Among all TFs, WRKY TF gene family is one of the best-studied TFs involved in various stress responses. To date, only limited information on functionally characterised WRKY TFs is available for C. papaya. The aim of this study was to produce a recombinant construct harbouring WRKY gene in pGEM®-T Easy cloning vector. The presence of a DNA band of the expected size of 465 bp on agarose gel electrophoresis indicated that WRKY gene was successfully amplified from all treated samples. DNA sequencing analysis revealed that the amplified sequence isolated from the treated samples were closely related to Carica papaya species with 97% similarity. Following transformation, 4 out of 5 colonies that were randomly selected showed the WRKY gene had been successfully inserted into pGEM®-T Easy vector and transformed into E. coli. In future, the WRKY gene from pGEMT-WRKY recombinant construct will be cloned into the plant expression vector pCAMBIA 1304 prior to transformation in the plant. The success of demonstrating the WRKY gene towards the response in abiotic stress will enable us to produce stress tolerant transgenic crops under unfavourable conditions via genetic engineering for sustained growth.
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