The Papaver L. plant (Papaver decaisnei) has ethnobotanical records in many countries including Iraqi Kurdistan. The current study investigates the methanol (99.9%) extracts (10 μg/mL) of roots, leaves, and flowers of Papaver decaisnei in terms of phytochemistry by gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry GC-MS, in vitro antioxidant activity by radical scavenging and reducing power assays, and finally, the anticancer actions as IC50 (inhibitory concentration at 50%) against human colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2), mammary cancer cells (MCF-7), and human cervical carcinoma (HeLa) cells. The results showed 22, 19, and 17 chemicals for roots, leaves, and flowers of P. decaisnei, respectively. The prevalent organic compounds of P. decaisnei were alkaloids (62.03%), phenolics (55.43%), fatty acids (42.51%), esters (32.08%), terpenoids (25.59%), and phytosterols (15.68%), namely, roemerine (70.44%), 9,12,15-octadecatrien-1-ol (37.45%), hexadecanoic acid (33.72%), decarbomethoxytabersonine (24.49%), and γ-sitosterol (11.22%). The antioxidant activity of plant organs was within 39.1–143.5 μg/mL for DPPH, 135.4–276.4 μg/mL for ABTS, 12.4–34.3 μg/mL for FRAP, and 42.6–75.8 μg/mL for CUPRAC assays. The anticancer of P. decaisnei was found as 125.3–388.4 μg/mL against all tested cell lines (Caco-2, MCF-7, and HeLa). The detected alkaloids and bioactivity of P. decaisnei encourage future isolation of those remarkable alkaloids (reomerine) for potential usage in the pharmaceutical industry.

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The Papaver L. plant have been well known as a source of pharmaceutically valuable alkaloids (noscapine, thebaine, codeine, roemerine, papaverine and morphine). The current study investigates the phytochemical, in-vitro antioxidant, and anticancer activities of papaver decaisnei, an endemic plant species to the flora of Kurdistan-Iraq. The chemical analysis of the methanolic (MeOH) extracts of flowers, leaves, and roots of papaver decaisnei were made by using gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS), and the antioxidant activity evaluation done by radical scavenging [on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2j-azino-bis (3- ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS)], and reducing power [cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)] assays. The anticancer actions were presented as IC50 (inhibitory concentration at 50%) on human colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2), mammary cancer cells (MCF-7), and human cervical carcinoma (HeLa) cells. The results of the phytochemical analysis showed 17, 19, and 22 chemical compounds for flowers, leaves, and roots of P. decaisnei, respectively. The prevalent organic compounds of P. decaisnei were alkaloids, phenolics, fatty acids, esters, and phytosterols, namely Roemerine (70.44%), Decarbomethoxytabersonine, 9,12,15-Octadecatrien-1-ol, Hexadecanoic acid, 6,8-Dioxa-3-thiabicyclo(3,2,1)octane 3,3-dioxide, and γ-Sitosterol. The antioxidant activity of plant organ extracts was within 39.1-143.5 μg/ml for DPPH and 123.12-276.4 μg/ml for ABTS assays, while, the FRAP and CUPRAC values ranged within 12.4- 34.3 and 42.6-75.8 μg/ml, respectively. The anticancer action of P.decaisnei organ extracts was found against all tested human cell lines (Caco-2, MCF-7, HeLa) with inhibitory concentrations (IC50) values between 125.3-388.4 μg/ml. The presented data on alkaloid contents and biological activity of P. decaisnei can serve a ground knowledge for the future biomedical synthesis and cancer research projects.

An elevated homocysteine (Hcy) level in blood causes endothelial dysfunction and damage. Individuals with higher Hcy concentration have increased risks of cardiovascular disease. Ninety individuals were taken at Hawler Cardiac Surgery Center and diagnosed by coronary angiography. Blood sample collections started in October 2014 and ended in January 2015. The present study includes 60 patients who had stenosis and 30 individuals who had no stenosis as healthy group, patient and healthy groups aged >40 years old. The results of this study show that, the mean ± S.E. levels of tHcy in patient group was 17.170 ± 0.748 μmol/L, which was located above normal range for tHcy and in healthy group was 13.780 ± 0.679 μmol/L, which was located within normal range for Hcy and the concentration of tHcy was significantly higher in patient group compared to healthy group. Also, the mean values of malodialdehyde (MDA) and blood glucose concentrations were significantly higher in patient group than healthy group. Meanwhile, vitamin B12, folic acid levels were significantly higher in healthy group but TAC level was higher and not significant in healthy group when compared to patient group. On the other hand, Tch, TG, LDL and VLDL levels were significantly higher in patient group compared to healthy group. While, HDL level was significantly higher in healthy group rather than patient group. In correlation analysis, tHcy was positively and significantly correlated with LDL (r = 0.338). As well as tHcy was positively (not significantly) correlated with MDA,

Pregnancy is associated with many metabolic changes in normal pregnant woman, this leads to change in physiological, biochemical, and hematological parameters drastically. The test subjects were selected among those attending to Maternity Teaching Hospital in Erbil Governorate between March 2017 and August 2017. Four groups of individuals were included in this study, 230 pregnant women divided into three groups (Group 1 first trimester, Group 2 second trimester, and Group 3 third trimester) and Group 4 contained 90 nonpregnant women as control. Full automatic chemical analyzer (Cobas C311, Germany) was used to determine the biochemical parameters. The EL ×800 Absorbance Microplate Reader from BioTek (USA) instruments is used to measure the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum. The results of this study showed a significant increase in serum albumin, glucose, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, urea, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and MDA in pregnant women as compared to the control group, also show significant decrease in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level, SOD activity, and CAT activity in pregnant women as compared to nonpregnant women, and nonsignificant difference in uric acid, and HDL.