Background: The authors compared the endothelial differentiation capacities of human and rat adipose-derived stem cells to determine whether human adipose-derived stem cells can be a source of endothelial cells clinically. Methods: Human and rat adipose-derived stem cells were harvested and characterized with flow cytometry and trilineage differentiation. Cells from passages III through V were fed with endothelial cell differentiation medium for up to 3 weeks. Cells were harvested after 1, 2, and 3 weeks, and endothelial differentiation was evaluated with quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, flow cytometry, and angiogenic sprouting assays. Results: Both human and rat adipose-derived stem cells were CD90+, CD44+, and CD31− before differentiation. The cells were successfully differentiated into adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic lineages. Expression of endothelial cell–specific genes peaked at the second week of differentiation in both human and rat cells. The fold changes in expression of CD31, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1, nitric oxide synthase, and von Willebrand factor genes at week 2 were 0.4 ± 0.1, 34.7 ± 0.3, 2.03 ± 0.25, and 12.5 ± 0.3 respectively, in human adipose-derived stem cells; and 1.5 ± 1.01, 21.6 ± 1.7, 17.9 ± 0.6, and 11.2 ± 1.3, respectively, in rat cells. The percentages of CD31+ cells were 0.2, 0.64, and 1.6 in human cell populations and 0.5, 5.91, and 11.5 in rat cell populations at weeks 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Rat adipose-derived stem cell–derived endothelial cells displayed enhanced sprouting capability compared with the human cells. Conclusions: Human adipose-derived stem cells responded less strongly to EGM-2MV endothelial differentiation medium than did the rat cells. Still, the human cells have the potential to become a clinical source of endothelial cells with modifications in the differentiation conditions.
Introduction: Fat grafting for breast cancer (BrCa) reconstruction and breast augmentation has become increasingly more popular. A major area of debate and controversy is the effect of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) on remnant or undetected BrCa cells. We investigate the in vitro response of BrCa to ASCs in a coculture model with regards to cell migration.
Lungs are divided into lobes by the oblique and the transverse (horizontal) fissures. The fissures may be complete or incomplete and they may be absent. The fissures facilitate the movement of the lobes in relation to one another, which accommodates the greater distension and movement of the lower lobes during respiration. Knowledge of their position is necessary for the appreciation of lobar anatomy and thus for locating the bronchopulmonary segments which is significant both anatomically and clinically. Hence, the awareness of their variations is essential in performing lobectomy and in segmental resection. It could also be of significance in interpreting radiological images. Materials and Methods: Study on abnormal lobar pattern and position of fissures in human lungs was carried out in the department of anatomy SVS Medical College, Mahaboobnagar, India, With 50 human lungs (30 adult, 20 foetus) were examined by standard dissection method. Results: Present study, the right lungs have incomplete horizontal fissures 50%, complete horizontal fissure 31.25%, absent of horizontal fissure 18.75%. Complete oblique fissure 87.5%, incomplete oblique fissure 12.5% and in left lungs complete oblique fissure 57.14% , incomplete oblique fissure 42.86% and also specimen no 13 in adult Right lung , specimen no 6 in foetus Right lung were showed accessory fissure because of it the right lung divides in to 4 lobes and in these specimens the left lungs were normal. Discussion: Anatomical knowledge of anomalous lobar pattern of the lungs is important for identifying bronchopulmonary segments. Many times, radiologists may misinterpret an X-ray or CT scan. Anatomical knowledge of such variations is helpful for Thoracic surgeons performing lobectomy and clinicians for managing certain diseases that are limited to a single lobe or segment. Many a times the accessory fissures fail to be detected on CT scans, because of their incompleteness, thick sections and orientation in relation to a particular plane. Conclusion: knowledge of abnormal fissures and lobes are clinically important for surgeons performing lobectomy and also academic interest to all medical personnel.
PURPOSE:Infantile hemangiomas (IHs) are benign, vascular tumors of childhood affecting 5-10% of all infants. Surgical treatment of IHs is difficult because of the highly vascular nature of the tumor and the current non-surgical treatment modalities are far from curing the disease. The purpose of this study is to define a noninvasive, high-efficacy treatment method for IHs by first establishing a reproducible mouse model of IH and treating the animals with a combination of photodynamic therapy and pharmacotherapy delivered by a nanoparticle carrier. METHODS:Twenty, 5-week-old, male nude mice were used for the study. 1.5 x 106 mouse hemangioendothelioma cells (ATCC® CRL-2587™, Manassas, VA) were injected subcutaneously to bilateral axillary regions of mice. Tumor size was measured periodically with digital caliper and tumor volume was calculated. When the tumors reached a diameter of 0.5 cm in vivo imaging was performed. For the in vivo imaging, the animals were injected with 200 µl of nanoporphyrin nanoparticle conjugated with a fluorophore (DiD) via the tail vein. Images were obtained using a near-infrared imaging station 3, 6, and 24 hours after the injection. The animals were euthanized after the in vivo imaging and major organs and IHs were harvested for ex vivo imaging. The IHs were further examined histologically with von Willebrand Factor (vWF) immunofluorescence staining and Hematoxylene and Eosin (HE) staining. RESULTS:Mice started to grow tumors approximately 1 week after injection. Tumors exhibited a rapid growth rate especially 19 days after injection resembling the rapid growth phase of IHs in humans. In vivo imaging revealed that the nanoporphyrin nanoparticles reached maximum concentration in the IHs 24 hours after the injection. Ex vivo imaging showed that the majority of the injected dose was accumulated in the liver as expected. Macroscopically the IHs were mainly composed of large vascular channels filled with blood. vWF immunofluorescence staining and HE staining confirmed that the tumors had the characteristic highly vascular structure of IHs. CONCLUSION:The model we have created mirrors the characteristic of natural IH, making it a good model to test the therapy proposed here. The next step in the study will be the treatment of the tumors with a combination of photodynamic therapy and propranolol loaded nanoporphyrin nanoparticles. Photodynamic therapy will destroy the vascular cells of IH by triggering the formation of toxic reactive oxygen species. In addition near-infrared laser will stimulate the nanoparticles to release propranolol at the lesion site producing a double therapeutic effect.
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