Summary DC–DC boost converters are extensively used in wide range of solar photovoltaic (PV) applications. A common problem in PV regulator is the presence of ripples in output voltage and output current, due to the oscillations in PV power, inaccurate switching, and inadmissible inductor peak currents. In general, conventional boost converters are widely used in PV regulator; however, conventional PWM‐controlled boost converters are upgraded to sliding mode controller (SMC)‐based PWM controllers, which has been elaborated in the literature. However, SMC‐based boost converter experiences the following problems: (i) presence of ripples in the output current and (ii) dynamic instability during sudden change in load current. This paper addresses the aforementioned problems and proposes a boomerang trajectory‐based SMC (BT‐SMC) control strategy for ripple mitigation in conventional DC–DC boost converters specifically used in PV regulator. BT‐SMC tracker tracks the reference wave shape and controls the duty cycle, with respect to the switching frequency to have a ripple mitigated output. This self‐adapting system provides an adequate reduction in ripples and rapid convergence of error nearest to zero. A detailed analysis on switching frequency transition, load variation, trajectory control, and its stability existence is conducted, and the proposed system is implemented using dSPACE‐MicroLabBox‐DS1202.
Microgrids are the localized network to support electricity consumers either in an islanded manner or in integration with macrogrid. Microgrids are generally vulnerable to major issues like improper voltage regulation, circulating current, and unequal power sharing. In this paper, conventional droop controller for current sharing is upgraded with a Boomerang Trajectory based Sliding Mode Controller (BT-SMC). In the proposed BT-SMC technique, the error trajectories are traced and controlled toward the equilibrium point accomplishing the system to reach the stable state. Also, the dynamic changes in the load are governed and controlled by adjusting the droop resistance in the parallel converters. The BT-SMC generates an equivalent control signal based on the control law and maintains the PWM pulses on par with the droop value and duty ratio. Additionally, this paper concerns the precondition for power sharing and power management among the different RES at different availability conditions by adopting a Source Shifting Algorithm (SSA). The hand-in-hand process of BT-SMC with SSA provides a proper load sharing with a wide stability region in the phase plane. The proposed self-adapting and self-tracking system is evaluated in Matlab/Simulink and the results were validated in real time by using dSPACE MicroLabBox-DS-1202.
Solar photovoltaic (SPV)-based single-phase inverters are universally accepted and commercially utilized renewable power converter system. Generally, the magnitude of the inverter output is perturbed on load variations, and the intermediate DC-DC boost converter output is perturbed because of the solar availability. The main intermediary component is the DC-Link capacitor. The regulation of DC-Link voltage is the key factor in maintaining the stability of the system with bilateral power converters. In the existing methods, individual Sliding Mode Control (SMC) are used to maintain the stability of the converters independently. However, the individual SMC's do not have any corelated control to address the common problem of DC-Link voltage regulation. This paper proposes an alternative solution with Coupled SMC (CSMC) to address the problem of regulating the DC-Link voltage. Both the Boost-SMC and Inverter-SMC are individually developed and controlled in a unified approach by having mutual adjustments in the converter and inverter switching pulses. The CSMC strategy is developed in Matlab and experimented using dSPACE-MicrolabBox. The validation tests are compared with conventional SMC, which shows the betterment of CSMC in robustness and waveshape tracking.
In the present scenario, battery plays a vital role in most of the domestic and industrial applications as an uninterrupted power source for sensitive loads, storage systems, electric vehicles, etc. Conventional single port chargers are upgraded to multiport circuits in most of the battery charger applications. However, it faces the following problems; 1. Insufficient control over the voltage regulated and current shared among the multiport converters, 2. Transient perturbation and stability control. This paper presents a new hybrid control strategy for an integrated renewable energy load bus. It comprises of Photovoltaic (PV) and Fuel Cell (FC) based source side converters delivering power to the battery chargers connected on the load side. The hybrid control strategy includes; 1. Neural Network (NN) based self-adapting Proportional -Integral (PI) tuner for adjusting the droop resistance values in multiport network and current sharing among the converters, 2. Sliding Mode Controller (SMC) based PWM control for increased voltage regulation with constant current control as well. The hand in hand process of Neuro Adaptive Droop (NAD) -SMC takes care of the proper load sharing, battery charging and a rapid response control system with wide stable region. The proposed self-adapting and self-tracking technique is evaluated in Matlab/Simulink platform and the results were validated in real time prototypical hardware by implementing the control law using dSPACE-MicrolabBox-1202.
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