Plants of the Lamiaceae family are widely used for medicinal, cosmetic and culinary purposes. Phenolic compounds such as flavonoids and tannins are the main constituents of these plants; they have a proven multidirectional biological activity. Polyphenols have exceptional antioxidant potential, and they can intervene in the prevention of many health disorders. This work aims to study the composition and antioxidant power of phenolic compounds from crude extracts and fractions of Origanum elongatum leaves. This specie was subjected to phytochemical study through precipitation, turbidity and coloring reactions to highlight their secondary metabolites qualitative composition. Polyphenolic extraction was made by Soxhlet using two solvents: methanol 70%, ethanol 70%. Then, methanol’s crude was fractionated with solvents having escalating polarity; ethyl acetate, n-butanol. The polyphenols and flavonoids contents were spectrophotometrically estimated using Folin-Ciocalteau and Aluminum Trichloride methods. The antioxidant power of crude and fractionated extracts was evaluated by diphenyl-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH●) and iron (FRAP) tests. The screening tests showed the existence of polyphenols, mucilages, sterols and triterpenes, oses and holosides. The highest yield of extraction is obtained by 70% methanol, with an average of 32.29%. Quantitative assays indicated that the hydroethanolic extract and the ethyl acetate fraction possessed high amount of polyphenols and flavonoids compared with other fractions and subsequently exhibited a marked scavenging activity on DPPH radical (IC50 = 0,085±0,002 and 0,112±0,003 mg/ml, respectively) and high reductive ability on ferric ion assay with IC50 = 0,181±0,004 mg/ml, 0,291±0,005 mg/ml, respectively.

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Anacyclus pyrethrum (L.) (Asteraceae) is an important annual medicinal herb and is widespread in Morocco and Algeria. Most of its parts are used in traditional medicine and the roots are the most important parts used. The present review gives an account of the updated information on its phytochemical and pharmacological properties. We have collected the essential characteristics and the different scientific data of the A. pyrethrum species, and reviewed its potential. It is seen from the literature that A. pyrethrum is a rich source of the phytochemical constituents such as alkaloids (pellitorin) and n-alkylamides. This species also contains pyrethrins, sesamin, traces of essential oils and a wide range of other chemical compounds. These active substances possess antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities. The plant has an antidiabetic, insecticidal and immunostimulatory effect, as well as an aphrodisiac and antioxidant potentials, and various other important medicinal properties. Many traditional uses are also reported in previous research such as for rheumatism, sciatica, colds, neuralgia and paralysis. This species is considered to be a sialagogue, and used in the treatment of stomach ailments, diseases of inflammation of the mouth, against cysts in the genital tract and to relieve toothaches. Thus, further research must be carried out in order to establish any relationship between the traditional uses, phytochemistry and toxicity. Moreover, A. pyrethrum is quite promising as a medicinal agent, so further clinical trials should be performed to prove its efficacy.

To research natural antioxidants, the present study aims to extract and identify new substances of natural origin through the phytochemical study and the evaluation of the antioxidant activity of extracts of twigs and leaves of Tetraclinis articulata (Vahl) Masters, harvested from the Khenifra region (Middle Atlas, Morocco). The Phytochemical screening, based on precipitation and complexation reactions, showed that the twigs and leaves of T. articulata contain flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, mucilages, sterols and triterpenes. The extraction of the phenolic compounds was done using a Soxhlet apparatus. The assays of polyphenols, flavonoids and condensed tannins of the obtained extracts showed that the highest content of polyphenols was recorded by the ethyl acetate extract (654.69 ± 0.33mgEAG/gE). Concerning the flavonoids, the hydroethanolic extract records the highest content (20,31 ± 0,02mgEQ/gE). For the condensed tannins, the highest content was observed by the extract of the residual phase (27.72 ± 0.11mgEC/gE). Indeed, due to the analysis by HPLC/SM, we were able to identify in the E.MeOH of T. articulata seven flavonic glycosides which are Catechin, B-type (Epi) catechin dimer, gallocatechin, Myricetin-hexose, Myrcetin-rhamnose, Quercetin-3-o-Rhamnoside and kampferol-deoxyhexose. The in vitro evaluation of the antioxidant activity of T. articulata extracts was performed by DPPH and FRAP methods. The extracts of T. Articulata showed a significant antioxidant power. The lowest IC50 and EC0.5 were recorded by E. EtOH. These low concentrations (IC50 and CE0.5) obtained by DPPH and FRAP are 70 ± 0.07 µg/ml and 104.12 ± 1.02 µg/ml, respectively. This study revealed that the extracts of T. articulata are potentially important due to their richness in secondary metabolites of its antioxidant power.

Pistacia atlantica Desf. is a widely used plant species in the traditional medicine for its various pharmacological properties. The aim of this study is the valorisation of polyphenols and the antioxidant power of three organs from Pistacia atlantica Desf. (leaves, fruits, and bark). Phytochemical screening of secondary metabolites was performed using precipitation and coloring reactions. Total phenols, flavonoids, and condensed tannins were quantified, respectively, by the Folin-Ciocalteu method, the aluminum trichloride method, and the vanillin method. Evaluation of the antioxidant activity was made using two methods: DPPH ∗ (2,2 ′ -diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl) and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power). The obtained results showed that the three organs of Pistacia atlantica are rich in total phenols, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. The highest contents of total phenols and flavonoids are recorded by the crude fruit extract, 723 mg EGA/gE and 34.57 mg EQ/gE, respectively, while the highest content of condensed tannins is recorded in the butanolic extract of the leaves (997.58 mg ECat/gE). The antioxidant activity of the three organs extracts from Pistacia atlantica Desf. confirmed their strong antiradical power, much higher than that of ascorbic acid and BHA (butylated hydroxyanisole). Indeed, the concentration of the crude extract of P. atlantica leaves reducing 50% of the DPPH ∗ free radicals (IC50) is 27.22 μg/ml. This concentration is much lower than those of ascorbic acid (31.44 μg/ml) and BHA (46.25 μg/ml). The antioxidant power using the FRAP method has also shown that the leaves extract of this species has a much higher reducing capacity of iron than those of the reference standards. A positive correlation between antioxidant capacities and flavonoids contents of leaves and fruits extracts was observed. The two methods (DPPH ∗ and FRAP) proved that the three organ extracts of Pistacia atlantica possess very remarkable antioxydant activity. These extracts could be exploited as natural antioxidants against the oxidation phenomenons and the oxidative stress in several fields (food, cosmetic, pharmaceutic, and others).

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