In the past decades, English language is considered the most popular spoken language worldwide. English for second language learners aims to develop speaking skill abilities and it is a challenging task. This study aims to investigate the perceived obstacles on the English-speaking score of Zarqa University (ZU) students majoring in English language and literature through the impact of various factors on the speaking score. This study adopts a quantitative method using a survey. Therefore, a questionnaire is designed to understand the students’ perception of the factors that may have an impact on the speaking score. A sample of (147) students, for whom English is a foreign language, from ZU from different nationalities are selected. The results indicate that academic and conversational English skill has a significant impact on the speaking score. However, linguistic obstacles, speech processing difficulties, speaking confidence, and access to speaking opportunities do not have significant impact on speaking score. This study provides insights to the academic institutes to focus on the improvement of their curricula and academic plans to further enhance the English speaking skill as second language learners.
This study examines Positive-self and Negative-other representation expressed in the Syrian president Bashar Al-Assad’s first political speech in March 2011. This study investigates the way Al-Assad uses language as a tool to express his ideology and attitudes towards protests and the world’s leading countries, and thus to win conflicts and gain power. Therefore, this study scrutinises the negative-other representation of Al-Assad’s opponents and rival parties and what ideologies are reflected in this speech. It also examines the positive-self representation in relation to Al-Assad’s ruling party (Ba’ath) and the Syrian regime’s supporters. T. van Dijk (2002) Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) is utilised to highlight the way these representations are exhibited in the speech. An in-depth analysis is conducted to allow the identification of the strategies and techniques used in the speech analysed, following T. van Dijk (2002)ideological square.
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