According to the sustainable architecture theories, the building with a high level of thermal performance is the building that has the high percentage of thermal comfort accomplishment and low level of energy consumption. Thermal comfort is a building's criteria in order to make the building's users activity become optimal. It can be achieved by natural ventilation/NV system and air conditioning/AC system that may either preserve or consume a great deal of fossil energy. Hence, climatic parameters and architecture design aspects could always determine its accomplishment. Ward is the primary section of hospital installation which functions as patient's house while they undergo their healing process, whereas hospital is a primary public facility in any contemporary urban setting. From the energy using side, hospital is the public building type that has high level of fossil energy consumption. Therefore, the development of high level's thermal performance ward will contribute to environment sustainability by reducing its fossil energy combustion. For that matter, it is then important to know which ward's design aspects that may become the dominant factors for the thermal comfort establishment and efficient energy use. The goal of this research is mainly to disclose the relationship between thermal performance and architecture design aspects in lowland warm humid tropics ward. The research methods are quantitative method (by using statistical test, linear regression analyses and correlative analysis based on the building's physics theory) and field case study. The results of this research are the architecture design aspects of lowland warm humid tropics ward that have been dominant factors on its thermal performance level; that are the building's orientation toward the sun and the building's layout plan within the site. Keywords-Thermal performance, Architecture design aspects, Lowland warm humid tropics, Ward I. INTRODUCTION The most thermal comfort research has been done in public building such as offices, classroom or lecture room that regularly operate about eight hours per day [1]-[10]. Yet rarely conducted in public building such as hospital ward that operates 24 hours per day along the year and even more rarely were done in the hospital wards that are located in warm humid tropics region like Indonesia [11]. Thermal comfort is one of the building's criteria in order to make the building's users activity become optimal [12]. Thermal comfort inside a building could be accomplished by natural ventilation/NV system and air conditioning/AC system that may either preserve or consume a great deal of fossil energy. Hence, climatic parameters (air temperature, radiant temperature, relative humidity, air movement) and architecture design aspects (the building's orientation toward the sun and open space around it, the building's layout plan and its rooms dimension, the building's facade) could always determine its accomplishment. According to the sustainable architecture theories, the building with good thermal performan...
Abstrak - Masjid Salman ITB merupakan salah satu karya arsitektur monumental yang ada di Indonesia Memiliki atap melengkung ke atas dengan ruang sholat yang merupakan area bebas kolom dan hingga sekarang masih dapat berfungsi dengan baik. Struktur sendiri memiliki fungsinya sebagai media untuk menyalurkan beban, namun fungsi struktur dari sebuah bangunan tidak hanya berhenti sampai disitu, tetapi juga sebagai nilai keindahan dari karya arsitektur itu sendiri. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengkaji pemanfaatan struktur pada bangunan Masjid Salman ITB yang tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai media penyaluran beban pada bangunan, tetapi juga memiliki nilai estetis. Hasil penelitian dapat menjadi pengembangan keilmuan mengenai perancangan struktur yang dapat meningkatkan nilai estetika bangunan. Perancang dapat memanfaatkan keilmuan ini dalam mengambangkan desain yang berbasis struktur, sehingga kedepannya elemen struktur tidak hanya lagi dipandang sebagai pelengkap bangunan, tetapi memiliki nilai yang sama dengan desain arsitekturalnya. Teori yang digunakan untuk mengkaji estetika struktur adalah teori Bjorn Normann, dimana estetika struktur dapat dinilai dari fungsi mekanikal dan fungsi spasial. Teori tersebut akan menjadi dasar hasil kajian dari buku-buku yang terkait dengan struktur. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan pengolahan data yang bersumber dari studi literatur, pengamatan langsung, wawancara, dan simulasi. Analisis dibagi menjadi dua bagian besar. Bagian pertama yaitu, pembahasan struktur terhadap aspek strukturalnya sebagai media penyalur beban. Bagian kedua yaitu, pembahasan struktur terhadap aspek asritekturalnya sebagai wujud, ekspresi, dan elemen pembagi ruang. Pembahasan tersebut mengsilkan temuan yang menjadi dasar penarikan kesimpulan. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa, struktur sebagai elemen pembentuk ruang memiliki peran tertinggi dalam mencapai etetika struktur pada Masjid Salman ITB. Selanjutnya, struktur sebagai ekspresi bangunan masih memiliki peran yang cukup tinggi dalam mencapai estetika struktur pada Masjid Salman ITB. Terakhir, struktur sebagai wujud bangunan memiliki peran yang paling rendah untuk mencapai estetika struktur pada Masjid Salman ITB. Adapun hal ini dapat tercapai karena peran struktur sebagai penyalur beban yang memiliki penekanan pada pengoptimalan bentuk struktur dan konfigurasinya. Kata Kunci: Masjid Salman ITB, estetika struktur, fungsi struktural, fungsi arsitektural, penyalur beban, wujud, ekspresi, ruang dalam
- The issue of global warming strongly encourages architects to use sustainable materials to preserve nature. Bamboo material is an ecological and sustainable material. Bamboo is also predicted as a future material. The strengths and advantages of bamboo are very likely to be used as a building construction material. Unfortunately, it is not uncommon for bamboo material to be used inappropriately so that it does not optimize the ecological and sustainable properties of bamboo. The object of study chosen was the Bumi Pemuda Rahayu bamboo hall. This object is close to the concept of sustainability as seen from the function of the building, which is a co-creating space that prioritizes sustainability-related activities. This research uses qualitative-quantitative methods that will compare the theory regarding the concept of sustainability of materials related to the building material life cycle with the data obtained. The concept will be divided into three aspects, namely design aspects, construction aspects, and maintenance and renovation aspects. These three aspects can be examined by knowing the object data related to these aspects. The results of the study will answer whether the use of bamboo material in the object of study is in accordance with the concept of sustainability of the bamboo material. The analysis of the design stage pays attention to material selection, material preservation, how to optimize the age of bamboo and the selection of a structural system. The construction stage is analyzed by considering the type of connection used. The maintenance and renovation phases are analyzed by paying attention to how to renovate the bamboo structure and post-construction maintenance of the building. This building is appropriate in choosing the type of material, applying preservation of bamboo materials, and successfully preventing bamboo from environmental influences in order to reach its optimal age. In terms of structural system selection, this building is also appropriate by applying the arc rod structural system. Bolted joints are appropriate for complex structural systems, it's just that there must be special treatment at the base of the arc structure that receives the greatest load due to cracks. Renovation and maintenance aspects must be considered again because this building will have difficulty if you have to do renovations, especially on the arc structure. Maintenance that is rarely performed can also reduce the life of the building. Key Words: bamboo, sustainable materials, Bumi Pemuda Rahayu
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