P otato has been one of the major fresh staple vegetables consumed around the world for a long time followed by maize, wheat, and rice (Spooner et al., 2005). The production of potatoes in 2019 from an area of about 17.34 million ha was 370.43 million tonnes worldwide with the average yield of about Abstract | Potato is amongst the important staple starchy food throughout the world but its salt sensitive. A large portion of irrigated land in major countries is affected by salinity or is likely to be salinized in near future. This study assessed the impact of various salt levels on morphology and biochemical attributes of a wild (Sante wild) and two transgenic (Sante 2 event and Sante 8 event) potato varieties in in vitro condition. These varieties were grown on Murashige and Skoog (MS) media subjected to (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mM) of Sodium Chloride (NaCl). Potato varieties showed an adverse in vitro growth response to all levels of salt in MS media, while plants of all the tested varieties were dead at concentrations more than 50 mM of NaCl in in vitro condition (75, 100 mM). Variation was observed in the level of tolerance to salinity in these potato varieties. Increasing NaCl (mM) level reduced the overall plant growth, number of shoots, number of nodes and leaves, root and shoot lengths (cm), fresh as well as dry root and shoot weights (g). In contrast, proline, Na + and K + (mg g -1 FW) contents increased, while total chlorophyll (mg g -1 FW) content in all the variants reduced in salt stress. Overall, maximum salt tolerance was exhibited by Sante 8 event at (50 mM) in in vitro condition, as compared to other potato varieties. Furthermore, Sante 2 showed slight resistance to salt stress and Sante wild resulted in poor growth which makes it the most salt sensitive variety among tested varieties. Transgenic Sante varieties of potato having gene AtNHX1, showed significantly more resistance than wild variety.
Soil samples from petroleum-contaminated soil were collected from 25 different petroleum filling stations and automobile workshops in the district of Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhawa, Pakistan. A total of seven bacterial genera were isolated. All of the isolates were Gram-positive bacteria. The genera identified by the culture and cell morphological characteristics were: Bacillus, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Micrococcus, Corynebacterium Arthrobacter, and Streptomyces. Lipolytic and saline activities of the selected isolates were studied. Among the isolates, Arthrobacter, Staphylococcus, Bacillus, Micrococcus, Corynebacterium, and Streptomyces produced lipase enzymes, while no lipase was produced by Streptococcus. Dense growth of Bacillus and Streptococcus was observed at 1% NaCl. Dense growth of Streptomyces was observed at strength of 2% NaCl. At 3% NaCl concentration, dense growth of Staphylococcus, Micrococcus, Corynebacterium, and Arthrobacter was observed, indicating that they were moderately halotolerent. In our study, Bacillus, Arthrobacter, and Streptomyces showed optimum growth at pH 8.0, and Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Micrococcus showed optimum growth at pH 7.0. Only Corynebacterium showed optimum growth at pH 9.0, indicating that it is tolerant of higher pH conditions.
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