A study was undertaken among the residents on Langkawi Island, Malaysia to explore the utility of a combination of social exchange and power theories to explain residents' attitudes toward tourism and to examine how residents' evaluation of the impact of tourism in¯uences their attitudes. In-depth, semistructured interviews were conducted with 46 residents. The study concludes that the combination of social exchange and power theories is more useful than social exchange theory alone in understanding residents' attitudes concerning the impact of tourism. However, residents' general values, dependence on tourism, and ability and willingness to adapt moderate the in¯uence of power on residents' evaluation of the impact of tourism.

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Ghazali Musais an associate professor, and an MBBS and a PhD holder, in the Faculty of Business and Accountancy, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur. His research interests are in scuba diving, health and backpacker tourism. Kalsom Kayatis an associate professor and a PhD in Tourism and is currently attached to the UUM College of Arts and Sciences, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Kedah. Her research interests are in community-based tourism especially in the form of rural tourism.ABSTRACT Tourism involving home-stays is one of the Malaysian government ' s key efforts to diversify its cultural tourism product. Tourists to the programme are adopted by their foster families experience a more traditional life in Malay villages. Using a diary method, this study examines the experiential aspects of home-stay holidays among domestic students in Kampung Lonek. A total of 19 diaries were content-analyzed using NVivo, which is a qualitative data analysis (QDA) computer software package produced by QSR International. Based on the fi ndings, the homestay experiential model is developed which explains the different phases of travel experience and their components. The on-site experience reveals three distinct dimensions: ' environmental experience ' , ' activity, culture and knowledge experience ' and ' human interaction experience ' . The study discusses the differences between Chinese and Malay students in their home-stay experience. The article highlights its methodological, theoretical and managerial contributions.

Purpose Halal tourism is a subset of tourism activities geared towards Muslim which are aligned with the Islamic principles. As a response to this, many food operators have realised the importance of having a halal certification to establish a better market position. In the context of Indonesia, it is yet to be known what attitudes the food operators have towards halal certification and what attributes characterised those who have obtained the certification. Therefore, this study aims to examine the attributes of food operators and their attitudes towards halal certification in Indonesia. Design/methodology/approach A survey and structured interview were conducted on 298 food operators in Bandung, a city in Indonesia, between August and December 2018. Seven hypotheses were proposed and tested to evaluate the association between halal certification and food operators’ attributes and their attitudes towards it. Findings The results of the study suggested that food operators who had halal certification can be characterised by the number of branches the businesses have, the knowledge of halal tourism and knowledge on the market segment. However, the age of their business was found not related to halal certification. In terms of attitudes, the study found that performance beliefs, intention to apply and target market segment had associated with halal certification. Practical implications The outcomes of the study could provide information to entities and agencies involved in the tourism industry that consider targeting Muslim travellers as their market segment. Halal certification could be an approach to facilitate tourism marketing and consequently increase the performance of food-related business sectors. Originality/value This study provides evidence that could lead to a better understanding of the attributes of food operators and their attitudes towards halal certification in the context of Indonesia’s tourism industry.