No abstract

An efficient protocol for in vitro micropropagation of Bambusa nutans Wall. ex. Munro has been described. Nodal explants obtained from 1½-year-old field-grown culms of B. nutans produced up to 7.0 multiple shoots per explant on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with 6benzylaminopurine (BAP, 1.0 mg/L). Continuous shoot proliferation up to 11.33 shoots was achieved by sub-culturing shoot clumps (4 shoots/cluster) in BAP (0.5 mg/L) and 0.1 mg/l α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) fortified medium every 4 weeks. 85% rooting was recorded on 2.0 mg/L NAA supplemented medium after 30 to 35 days of culture period. Micropropagated plantlets of B. nutans showed 70% survivability during the hardening stage. After hardening, rooted plantlets were successfully transferred to the soil and exhibited 80% survivability and normal growth. Plantlets cultivated in field condition achieved 95% survivability. Seed explants were also used for in vitro culture establishment of B. nutans on different combination of MS medium.

Rise in human population always demands a rapid and sustainable increase in cereal production. As a result nitrogenous fertilizers were used constantly in excess, which resulted in a number of problems such as green house emissions (particularly N 2 O) and leaching to groundwater. Moreover they are expensive. So long term sustainability in agriculture can only be obtained with the use of low cost fertilizer which should also be ecologically safe. In this regard biological nitrogen fixation by microbes, that is, biofertilizer, plays an active role helping in better maintenance of crop nutrient as well as soil health. Azospirillum, an associative symbiotic nitrogen fixing bacterium has a higher nitrogen fixing potential in non-legumes in comparison to other nitrogen fixing bacterium, by the formation of para nodules. However further investigation is needed to find possible avenues for the exploitation of this bacterium. The current review emphasizes the central issues of Azospirillum and its application either alone or in combination with other plant growth promoting rhizobacteria for the benefit of the non leguminous crops.

Root-associated bacteria strongly affect plant growth and development by synthesizing growth regulators and stress-relieving metabolites. The present study is mainly focused on assessing aerial root-associated bacteria of Rhynchostylis retusa (L.) Blume is an endemic epiphytic orchid responsible for auxin production and influencing plant growth. A bacterial isolate, Microbacterium testaceum Y411, was found to be the most active producer of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). The maximum IAA production (170µg/mL) was recorded with the bacterium at optimum process parameters such as pH 7, temperature 30°C, and tryptophan 1000 µg/mL in a culture medium for 48 h. The extracted auxin was purified and analyzed by FT-IR, HPLC, and HR-MS, indicating bacterial auxin has a similar mass value to 4-chloroindole-3-acetic acid auxin. Furthermore, the bacterial auxin was tested on in vitro propagation of orchid, Cymbidium aloifolium, and 90% seed germination was recorded in Murashige and Skoog’s medium supplemented with bacterial auxin. The novel results obtained in this study are used for agricultural applications and the Microbacterium testaceum Y411 is a valuable biotechnological resource for a natural auxin.