Molecular docking of sucrase-isomaltase with ligand deacetylbisacodyl when subjected to docking analysis using docking server, predicted in-silico result with a free energy of -3.36 Kcal/mol which was agreed well with physiological range for protein-ligand interaction, making bisacodyl probable potent anti-isomaltase molecule. According to docking server Inhibition constant is 5.98Mm which predicts that the ligand is going to inhibits enzyme and result in a clinically relevant drug interaction with a substrate for the enzyme. Hydrogen bond with bond length 3.45A°is formed between Pro 64 (A) of target and N 1 of ligand, which is again indicative of the docking between target and ligand. Excellent electrostatic interactions of polar, hydrophobic, pi-pi and Van der walls are observed. The protein-ligand interaction study showed 6 amino acid residues interaction with the ligand
Objective: A drug's efficiency depends on the binding capacity of the drug with the particular plasma protein. The less bound drug can be easily diffused through cell membranes. The present study deals with in silico studies of amitriptyline binding to three plasma proteins human ceruloplasmin (HCP), cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP), and human serum albumin (HSA) and tries to establish the binding capacity behavior with the frontier molecular orbital approach.
Methods:Amitriptyline is selected as legend and docked with three plasma proteins HCP, HCP PDB ID 1KCW, CRBP PDB ID 5LJC, and HSA. Docking calculations were carried out using docking server. frontier molecular orbital calculations are performed through web-based computational chemistry interface WEBMO version 17.0.012e using server Buchhner.chem.hope.edu. on computational engine MOPAC.Results: HCP and HSA predominantly show polar and hydrophobic interactions, whereas CRBP forms hydrogen bond apart from polar and hydrophobic interactions. Favorable values of inhibition constant, Ki, is obtained which is equal to 1.13 µM for CRBP, 6.00 µM for HCP, and 2.00 µM for has.
Conclusion:A studies prove that amitriptyline can bind to all three plasma proteins, namely, HCP, CRBP, and HSA. Amitriptyline binds to an HSA and HCP through polar and hydrophobic interactions while weak electrostatic interactions felicitate diffusion of amitriptyline through the plasma membrane. Comparatively, strong hydrogen bond in CRBP may make the bound drug to be released at a slow rate. Strong binding of amitriptyline to CRBP is also evident from the least value of inhibition constant, Ki, which is equal to 1.13 µM for CRBP, 6.00 µM for HCP, and 2.00 µM for has.
Drug discovery and design is a tedious and lengthy process which takes enormous time, andwhen this process reaches it’s final stage that is the final stage of clinical trials 90% of thepromising drug candidates fail levying a huge financial burden of around $2-3bn on thedeveloper company. The drug failure not only incurs a financial loss to the company, but alsosmashes the hopes of the patients and families waiting for the successful approval of the drug.The scenario is even complicated when it comes to the drug approval for diseases likeAlzheimer’s. Computer aided drug design may help in the drug discovery process by slashingthe time required for searching the potential drug target through computer aided software andprograms. However the key to the success of the drug still lies in the understanding of themechanism of the cause of disease and prognosis. Computer aided drug design help in theselection and modification of leads out of number of hits available. The present study dealswith a case study of Intepridine an ambitious Axovant drug molecule which failed in the finalphase of clinical trials and was withdrawn from the market by Axovant the developer pharmacompany.
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