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Introduction: Xanthogranulomatous adrenalitis (XA) is a rare chronic inflammatory disease of the adrenal glands and resembles adrenal neoplasm in clinical and radiologic characteristics. There is no report on XA presenting as a functioning adrenal mass in the literature. We present a case of XA mimicking a functioning adrenocortical carcinoma. Case report: A 52-year-old man presented with right flank pain, fever, vomiting, and loss of appetite for 2 weeks. He had signs of dehydration and elevated blood glucose level. Ultrasonography revealed a right adrenal mass. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed lobulated and necrotic mass replacing the right suprarenal gland and encasing the right renal vein, adjacent inferior vena cava, psoas, and diaphragm. There was loss of fat planes with liver and upper pole of the right kidney. Biochemical evaluation indicated increased serum and urine cortisol levels. As a sequel to hypercortisolism-induced hyperglycemia, he developed spontaneous chest wall abscess and bilateral sudden vision loss due to vitreous hemorrhages. Pus and blood culture grew methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. Adrenal suppressant ketoconazole was administered for better glycemic control. With a diagnosis of locally advanced adrenocortical malignancy, right radical adreno-nephrectomy was performed, and cut section revealed a pus collection of around 100 mL. Histopathology examination showed xanthogranulomatous inflammation involving adrenal gland, Gerota’s fascia, psoas, and lymph nodes. Postoperatively, the patient recovered satisfactorily with favorable glycemic control. Conclusion: XA can mimic adrenal neoplasms both clinically and radiologically and is associated with staphylococcal infection. It warrants surgical excision and culture-based antibiotics and is mostly diagnosed on postoperative histopathology.

Spontaneous rupture of a metastatic liver tumour is rarely documented in literature when compared to hepatocellular carcinoma and other liver lesions, especially from a lung primary. Here we report a case of ruptured liver metastasis from an adenocarcinoma of the lung mimicking ruptured liver abscess, challenging the clinical diagnosis. A 42-year-female presented in July 2020 with complaints of abdominal pain, breathlessness, fever. On examination, the patient was tachypneic with a right hypochondriac mass. A contrast-enhanced computed tomography of abdomen and thorax revealed an ill-defined heterogeneously enhancing lesion in the liver with a communicating subcapsular collection and hypo enhancing lesions in the left lobe and heterogeneously enhancing lesion in the left lung. Adenocarcinoma of the lung with hepatic metastasis was confirmed with a core needle biopsy. The patient was managed conservatively with intravenous antibiotics, intercostal drainage tube and Gefitinib. However, despite best efforts, the patient succumbed to the disease. Keywords: Liver secondaries; Spontaneous rupture; Hepatocellular carcinoma; Thyroid transcription factor; Liver abscess.

Preoperative prediction of the difficulty of surgery would be useful for surgeons embarking on minimally-invasive distal pancreatectomy(MIDP). A novel difficulty scoring system(DSS) was recently developed in Japan but has not been externally validated. This study aims to externally validate the DSS determine its association with important clinical outcome parameters Method: Retrospective review of 90 patients who underwent MIDP from 2006 to 2018. The patients were stratified into 3 groups (low, intermediate and high difficulty) according to the DSS with some minor modifications. Result: Difficulty of MIDP was classified as low in 45(50%), intermediate in 32(35.5%) and high in 13(14.4%). Comparison between the baseline characteristics across the 3 difficulty groups demonstrated a significant difference in the frequency of malignant tumors, larger tumor size, frequency of extended pancreatectomies and use of robotic assistance. There was statistically significant increase in operation time, blood loss and blood transfusion rate across the 3 groups from low to high difficulty. Conclusion: The DSS correlated significantly with operation time, blood loss and blood transfusion rate. These findings support the validity of the system.