Background Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Nonadherence to anti-TB treatment may result in the emergence of multidrug-resistant TB, prolonged infectiousness, and poor tuberculosis treatment outcomes. Ethiopia is one of the seven countries that reported lower rates of treatment success (84%). This study assessed anti-TB drug nonadherence and associated factors among TB patients in Arba Minch governmental health institutions. Methods An institution based cross-sectional study design was conducted from April 15 to May 30, 2017. A systematic sampling technique was employed to select the study subjects. Data was collected using a semistructured questionnaire with Morisky Medication Adherence Scale-8 (MMAS-8) and was entered, cleaned, and analyzed in SPSS version 20. Results The study included 271 TB patients with a response rate of 96.4%; 58.3% were males and 64.9% were Gamo by ethnicity. The overall nonadherence was 67 (24.7%) (CI = 20.0–30.4). Nonadherence was high if the patients experienced side effects (AOR = 13.332; 95% CI = 2.282–77.905), were far from the health facility (AOR = 21.830; 95% CI = 0.054–77.500), and experienced prolonged waiting time to get medical services (AOR = 14.260; 95% CI = 2.135–95.241). Conclusions The proportion of TB patients that did not adhere to anti-TB drugs was high in Arba Minch governmental health institutions.
Background Many health care professionals emphasize that spirituality is an important factor in overall health. Although spiritual practices are vital to health, spirituality has received little emphasis in nursing. Hence, the study’s purpose has been to evaluate the current state of spiritual care competence and the factors that influence it among nurses in Southwest Ethiopia. Methods From July 1 to 20, 2021, nurses at five hospitals in southwest Ethiopia were enrolled in a facility-based cross-sectional study. The study subjects were chosen using a systematic random sampling. A self-administered questionnaire was undertaken to gather the data. Epi Data 3.1 was used to code the dataset, and SPSS version 25 was used for analysis. To identify factors associated with spiritual care competence, researchers performed bivariate and multivariable linear regression analyses. The significance level was set at p<0.05. Results Three hundred sixty-seven nurses attended in the study, giving a 91.06, percent rate of response. The mean spiritual care competence score among healthcare professionals was 3.14±0.74. Age (p<0.05), and training in spiritual care (p<0.05) were significantly associated with spiritual care competence. Conclusions Spiritual care competence was moderate among the nurses. Spiritual care competence varies in accordance with a number of factors, including age, and training in spiritual care. Nurses are better suited to focus on the spiritual health of clients, which necessitates the provision of spiritual care competence training for nurses.
Background Diabetic retinopathy is the most frequent complication of Diabetes Mellitus and remains the leading cause of preventable blindness. However, there are limited studies on the determinants of diabetic retinopathy in the study area as well in Ethiopia. Hence, this study aimed to assess the determinants of diabetic retinopathy among diabetic patients at Tikur Anbessa Hospital. Methods An institution-based unmatched case–control study design was conducted at Tikur Anbessa Hospital from May 11 to June 26, 2020. Diabetic patients who developed retinopathy within 2 years were cases in the study. Patients who were free of retinopathy were controls in this study. Data were collected using a pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire, Topcon retinal examination, and a record review. The collected data were entered into Epi Data version 3.1 software, and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to assess the determinants of diabetic retinopathy. Results A total of 282 patients (142 cases and 140 controls) were included in the study. The mean age (± Standard deviation) for the cases and the controls were 50.6 (SD: ± 18.7) and 44.9 (SD: ± 17.65) respectively. Patients who had a glucometer at home (AOR = 0.048; 95% CI: 0.005–0.492), exercise adherence (AOR = 0.075; 95% CI: 0.007–0.84), diabetes duration < 5 years (AOR = 0.005; 95% CI: 0.00–0.10) and 5–10 years (AOR = 0.041; 95% CI: 0.003–0.57), health information on diabetic complications (AOR = 0.002; 95% CI: 0.00–0.042) and appointments every month (AOR = 0.004; 95% CI: 0.00–0.073) and every 3 months (AOR = 0.022; 95% CI: 0.002–0.23) were less likely to develop diabetic retinopathy. Participants who had poor glycemic control (AOR = 19.9; 95% CI: 2.34–168.69), systolic hypertension (AOR = 23.4; 95% CI: 2.56–215.36) and nephropathy (AOR = 17.85; 95% CI: 2.01–158.1), had a higher risk of developing diabetic retinopathy. Conclusions Patients who had a glucometer at home, exercise adherence, diabetes duration < 10 years, health information on diabetic complications, and frequent follow-up had a preventive role. However, poor glycemic control, systolic hypertension, and nephropathy increase the risk of diabetic retinopathy. A concerted effort should be made to improve the health status of patients with Diabetes Mellitus, with particular emphasis on lifestyle modification practices to prevent diabetic retinopathy.
Background Unresolved sexual issues can have an impact on a person’s wellbeing, social interactions, or even medication compliance. Given the enormous global demand to enhance and preserve sexual health, faculty members have a specific goal of developing nursing workforce who are truly prepared to work with clients who have sexual health issues. Hence, the study’s purpose has been to evaluate the current state of attitude and belief of nursing students toward sexual healthcare and the factors that influence it in Southwest Ethiopia. Methods An online cross-sectional survey was conducted in Mizan-Tepi University involving 134 undergraduate nursing students from February 1 to March 10, 2022. The Sexual Attitude and Beliefs Scale (SABS) were used to assess the level of attitudes and beliefs regarding sexual care. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) Version 26 was employed for data analysis. Multivariable linear regression analyses was conducted to identify predictors of attitudes and beliefs regarding sexual healthcare. The significance level was set at p<0.05. Results The mean age of the nursing students participating in this study was 28.47±5.2. In our study, mean SABS score of the nursing students was found as 42.3 ± 2.1. The mean score of the SABS items ranged from 1.68±0.93 to 4.37±1.48. Having receiving sexual health education (p<0.001) was significantly associated with attitude and beliefs regarding sexual healthcare. Conclusions Ethiopian nursing students have been found to have a negative attitude and beliefs about sexual health care. Because comprehensive sex education is sorely lacking in nursing schools, this scrutiny prevents student nurses from receiving an adequate education. As there is a lack of appropriate sexual health subject matter, it is critical to standardize sexual health education in nursing programs so that nursing students can learn to provide comprehensive care to clients.
Introduction: A clinically relevant drug-drug occurs when the effectiveness or toxicity of one medication is altered by the administration of another medicine. Potential Drug-drug interactions are an important cause of adverse drug reactions. Psychiatric patients are increasingly susceptible to drug interactions due to the polypharmacy, nature of the prescribed drugs and most of the drugs prescribed are either enzyme inhibitor or inducers. Objective: To determine the prevalence of the potential drug-drug interactions. Methodology: A retrospective cross sectional study was performed from to March to June, 2013. Medications on patients’ medical charts were reviewed and analyzed for potential drug-drug interactions based on Micromedex Online Drug Reference. Results: In our study, total of 463 potential drug-drug interactions were identified, with median number of one potential drug-drug interaction per patient. Overall 81.65 % of the patients had at least one potential drug-drug interaction; 49.5 % patients had at least one major; and 52.3 % had at least one moderate potential drug-drug interactions. The most frequent potential drug-drug interactions identified were Haloperidol-Trihexphenidyl 74 times and Chlorpromazine–Haloperidol 36 times. Conclusion: A high prevalence of potential drug-drug interaction is recorded in our study area. Most potential drug-drug interactions recorded in this stud may cause cardio toxicity and QT prolongation. Patients with the risk of cardiovascular comorbidities and those who are prescribed multiple medications need to be monitored more closely.
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