The association between PD and PLBW weight was consistent, except for exposure measurement 1, i.e. using at least one site with CAL> or =3 mm for periodontitis diagnosis, while the magnitude of this varied according to the definition established.

Background Periodontitis, an inflammatory disease of multibacterial etiology that affects the protective and supporting tissues surrounding teeth, can influence the course of respiratory diseases, such as asthma, due to epithelial alterations arising from inflammatory and immunological processes, bronchial remodeling, or by the aspiration of pathogenic colonizers found in periodontal pockets. This study evaluated the levels of periodontal pathogens Prevotella intermedia, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in the subgingival biofilm of individuals with and without severe asthma. Methods A case‐control study enrolling 457 individuals (220 with asthma and 237 without asthma) was conducted at the Program for Control of Asthma in Bahia (ProAR) Clinic located in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain data on sociodemographic, health status, and lifestyle habits. A clinical periodontal assessment was performed, including bleeding on probing, probing depth, and clinical attachment level. Subgingival biofilm was collected at the deepest site of each sextant, and bacterial DNA was extracted. Quantitative real‐time PCR analysis was performed to detect and relatively quantify periodontopathogens in the biofilm. Results Statistically significant positive associations were found between periodontitis and severe asthma, (odds ratio [OR]adjusted]: 4.00; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.26 to 7.10). High levels of P. intermedia were found in association with the presence of severe asthma (ORadjusted: 2.64; 95% CI: 1.62 to 4.39; P < 0.01). Conclusions The present results suggest that periodontitis and P. intermedia are associated with severe asthma. However, the functional consequences of this dysbiosis upon asthma susceptibility and its phenotypes remain unclear.

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O tabagismo é um dos principais fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento do câncer bucal, estando intimamente relacionado com a intensidade e a duração de sua prática. O objetivo da pesquisa foi analisar os estudos publicados em bases indexadas, relacionados às principais evidências e tendências sobre a influência do tabagismo como fator de risco para o câncer bucal. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de revisão de literatura integrativa. Foi realizado um levantamento nas bases de dados eletrônicas dos Periódicos CAPES e da SCIELO com os descritores: tabagismo, neoplasias bucais, câncer bucal e saúde bucal. Os critérios de inclusão foram: artigos científicos completos e gratuitos nos idiomas português e inglês, publicados entre 2014 e junho de 2020. E como critérios de exclusão: documentos com fuga do tema e trabalhos de conclusão de curso (monografias, teses e dissertações). Ao final foram selecionados onze artigos para a realização do presente estudo. Os resultados constataram que o tabagismo representa um importante fator de risco para o câncer bucal e que sua associação com o etilismo pode ampliar a manifestação desta neoplasia, sendo evidenciada por vários autores a tendência de crescimento do número de casos.  Além disso, o acesso aos serviços de saúde e assistência odontológica são muito importantes para a detecção precoce da doença. É imprescindível criar e reforçar ações estratégicas e políticas públicas de saúde eficazes na prevenção e combate aos tumores de cabeça e pescoço.   Palavras-chave: Tabagismo. Neoplasia Bucal. Saúde Bucal. Câncer Bucal.   Abstract Smoking is one of the main risk factors for the development of oral cancer being closely related to the intensity and duration of its practice. The aim of this research was to analyze the studies published on indexed bases, related to the main evidence and trends on the smoking influence as a risk factor for oral cancer. This is an integrative literature review research. A survey was conducted in the electronic databases of CAPES and SCIELO journals with the descriptors: smoking, oral neoplasms, oral cancer and oral health. Inclusion criteria were: complete and free scientific articles in Portuguese and English, published between 2014 and June 2020. And as exclusion criteria: documents which are not clearly relevant  to the subject which are not related with the theme and the final papers (monographs, theses and dissertations). At the end, 11 articles were selected for the present study. The results found that smoking represents an important risk factor for oral cancer and that its association with alcohol consumption can increase this neoplasm manifestation, and the trend of growth in the number of cases is evidenced by several authors. The access of health services and dental care is very important for the disease early detection. It is essential to create and strengthen effective strategic actions and public health policies in the prevention and fight of neck and head tumor.   Keywords: Smoking. Oral Neoplasm. Oral Health. Oral Cancer.