Background: Drug delivery system is a common practice in cancer treatment. RNA interference-mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing holds promise as an approach to knockdown in the expression of target genes responsible for cancer cell growth and metastasis. RNA interference (RNAi) can be achieved by delivering small interfering RNA (siRNA) and short hairpin RNA (shRNA) to target cells. Since neither interfering RNAs can be delivered in naked form due to poor stability, an efficient delivery system is required that protects, guides, and delivers the siRNA and shRNA to target cells as part of cancer therapy (chemotherapy). Recent findings: In this review, a discussion is presented about the different types of drug delivery system used to deliver siRNA and shRNA, together with an overview of the potential benefits associated with this sophisticated biomolecular therapy. Improved understanding of the different approaches used in nanoparticle (NP) fabrication, along with an enhanced appreciation of the biochemical properties of siRNA/ shRNA, will assist in developing improved drug delivery strategies in basic and clinical research. Conclusion: These novel delivery techniques are able to solve the problems that form an inevitable part of delivering genes in more efficient manner and as part of more effective treatment protocols. The present review concludes that the nanoparticulate RNA delivery system has great possibility for cancer treatment along with several other proposed methods. Several NPs or nanocarriers are already in use, but the methods proposed here could fulfill the missing gap in cancer research. It is the future technology, which unravels the mystery of resolving genomic diseases that is, especially genomic instability and its signaling cascades.
The increasing burden of respiratory diseases caused by microbial infections poses an immense threat to global health. This review focuses on the various types of biofilms that affect the respiratory system and cause pulmonary infections, specifically bacterial biofilms. The article also sheds light on the current strategies employed for the treatment of such pulmonary infection-causing biofilms. The potential of nanocarriers as an effective treatment modality for pulmonary infections is discussed, along with the challenges faced during treatment and the measures that may be implemented to overcome these. Understanding the primary approaches of treatment against biofilm infection and applications of drug-delivery systems that employ nanoparticle-based approaches in the disruption of biofilms are of utmost interest which may guide scientists to explore the vistas of biofilm research while determining suitable treatment modalities for pulmonary respiratory infections.
Background: Cerebral stroke is one of the leading disease-causing death and disability in a large number of patients globally. Brain damage in ischemic stroke is led by a complex cascade of events. The Rho-associated kinase-2 (ROCK2) has a significant role in cerebral vasospasm, vascular remodeling, and inflammation. It is activated in cerebral ischemia and its inhibition led to a neuroprotective effect. Objective: The present study is designed to identify potential inhibitors of ROCK2 using a molecular docking approach. Method: We docked phytochemicals of Withania somnifera (WS) into the catalytic site of ROCK2 and compared results with inhibitor Y-27632. ADME and drug-likeness properties of WS phytochemicals were also analyzed. Results: Results suggest that 11 phytochemicals exhibited higher binding affinity toward the ROCK2 catalytic domain compared to the Y-27632 inhibitor. Among these phytochemicals, Withanolide G formed H-bonding and established hydrophobic contacts with key catalytic domain residues of ROCK2. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that Withanolide G has the potential to inhibit the action of ROCK2 and can be developed as a neurotherapeutic agent to combat cerebral ischemic insult.
Objective: In-silico methods to find and characterize the ligands against the active site of tau protein which could assist in the therapeutics of Alzheimer's disease. Methods: The aid of various bioinformatic tools such as phylogenetic analysis, homology modeling, and active site prediction led to the molecular docking analysis of the major malefactor for Alzheimer’s disease ‘microtubule- associated tau protein’. A three-dimensional structure of microtubule-related tau protein was created, and the Ramachandran plot was acquired for quality appraisal. Results: Procheck showed 62.95 of residues in the most preferred region with 20% residues in the additional allowed region and 5.7 % in the disallowed region of microtubule-associated tau protein. Screenings of the particles were done dependent on Lipinski's standard of five. Conclusion: Genistein, Hesperidin, and epigallocatechin-3 are the potential ligands in regulating microtubule-related tau protein and Epigallocatechin-3 gallate is the most potent among them and the most elevated negative free vitality of official with the maximum interacting surface territory throughout docking studies.
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