Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook) is an important native tree species that is widely distributed in subtropical areas of southern China and cultivated for wood extraction. However, information on water use by Chinese fir plantations is still scarce. In this study, we performed species-specific parameter calibrations for the original Granier equation for sap flow density (SFD) estimates. Stand transpiration (E s ) was related to environmental inputs, such as rainfall, air temperature (T a ), vapor pressure deficit (VPD), photosynthetically-active radiation (PAR), air relative humidity (RH), and potential evapotranspiration (PET) in order to examine how environmental factors affect the E s of Chinese fir plantations. According to our results, Granier's original parameters set underestimated C. lanceolata SFD by up to 54% compared to our species-specific calibrated parameters set. A strong positive correlation was found between SFD, diameter at breast height (DBH), and tree height among trees populations. The total E s in 2015 was 522.1 mm, with obvious seasonal dynamics and an average of 1.4 mm·day −1 . Daily and monthly E s were positively correlated with VPD, PAR, T a , and PET. A negative relationship between E s and RH was detected only at a daily timescale. Our findings indicate that the original Granier equation requires a parameter calibration when it is applied to species-specific thermal dissipation probe (TDP) estimates, and our findings can also provide novel insights on the water use of Chinese fir in major wood production areas in Southern China.
In China there is a new legal framework governing the determination of "well-known" trade mark status. In this article, we identify several substantive and procedural innovations as regards the new rules, as well as drawing attention to attendant Chinese peculiarities that are also worthy of attention. Our legal analysis comprises a mix of positive and constructive critiques of current Chinese trade mark law and practice, and reveals that to understand the rules regarding well-known status demands close examination of the institutional setup in China. The article's aim is to detail the new provisions and to address whether the new legal framework signals, overall, a more coherent phase of Chinese trade mark law ahead for determining and concluding well-known trade mark status in China.
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