Black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs) have recently obtained great attention due to their high mobility and tunable bandgap features, which are beneficial for their potential application in photoelectronic devices. However, a precise synthesis of high-quality BPQDs is still a great challenge owing to the formation of an impurity phase when employing traditional methods. Herein, we demonstrate the scalable fabrication of BPQDs from mineralization-derived bulk black phosphorus (BP) single crystals by means of a microwave (MW)-assisted liquid-phase exfoliation method in ethanol. The primary results demonstrate that ethanol plays a crucial role in determining the final properties of BPQDs, such as their excellent tolerance to oxygen, good crystallinity, and uniform size. Furthermore, the mechanism behind the formation of BPQDs is proposed, revealing that a layer-by-layer disintegration process of bulk BP crystals under microwave-energy stimuli is responsible. This work may provide a novel path for the further development of BPQDs and corresponding devices.

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Phosphorene nanoribbons (PNRs) combine the flexibility of one-dimensional (1D) nanomaterials with the large specific surface area and the edge and electron confinement effects of two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials. In despite of...

Black phosphorus (BP) has received growing attention due to its suitable carrier mobility and switching ratio, tunable direct band gap, and strong in-plane anisotropy. In recent years, the applied research of both bulk and few-layer BP has yielded continuous breakthroughs, while the device applications with stable performance have lagged due to their poor environmental stability. Additionally, fabricating high-quality doped BP by a desirable chemical vapor transport (CVT) method has been challenging. Herein, the CVT approach with a constant temperature was employed to fabricate Sb-doped BP (Sb−BP) and Bi-doped BP (Bi−BP) to enhance the performance of pristine BP. The characterizations, including Raman, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and so forth, were employed to study the phase structure and properties of the as-grown crystals. The results suggest that BP and doped BP belong to an orthorhombic structure and show good crystallinity. Distinct from pristine BP, the light absorption and electrochemical properties of orthorhombic BP were improved by doping. Furthermore, the storage time of Sb−BP exceeds 65 days, while the degradation of pristine BP occurs within 38 days in ambient condition. The degradation rate of Sb−BP was slower than that of pristine BP even in the harsh environment, which indicates that the antioxidation of Sb−BP is outstanding. Hence, doping is a viable method to modify the properties of BP. This work provides useful guidance for preparing other doped BP and BP compounds, broadening the application field of the phosphorus family.

Black phosphorus (BP), a two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW)-layered nanomaterial, has attracted explosive study due to the rediscovery of its 2D counterparts (phosphorene) in 2014. Because of its unique structures, superior electrical and optoelectronic capabilities, and compatibility with silicon-based technologies, it is considered a viable material for high-performance photodetection. Controlled ways for the scalable synthesis of good quality large-sized BP are sought to achieve these wonderful expectations, but perfect methodologies are currently lacking. Meanwhile, cutting-edge research shows that the instability of BP under ambient conditions poses a substantial difficulty in a variety of applications. Here, not only an extensive overview of preparation methods but also a summary of the passivation strategy, photoelectric application, and challenges of BP are provided.