The authors performed a cluster analysis using observational data from 269 class periods and including 73 science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) faculty from 28 research universities. They used eight of the 25 Classroom Observation Protocol in Undergraduate STEM codes to produce 10 clusters of instructional styles across a range of Reformed Teaching Observation Protocol scores. A description of the clusters and their distribution across various STEM courses are provided.
Peer instruction is an evidence-based pedagogy that has been extensively studied in various science, technology, engineering, and mathematics disciplines. In this essay, the authors review and summarize the research literature on the effectiveness and intricacies of implementation of peer instruction. A research-based how-to guide and suggestions for future research investigations are provided.
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