Background Sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) has revolutionized the management of certain intractable cases of fecal and urinary incontinence; however, the management of functional anorectal pain (FAP) has been addressed in only a few studies. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the treatment effect of SNS in improving FAP symptoms. Methods A total of 120 patients with FAP who had undergone temporary SNS probe placement were investigated at Qianfoshan Hospital between January 2014 and December 2016. Pre‐ and post‐SNS treatment outcomes were assessed using the VAS, anorectal manometry, and the 36‐item short‐form health survey (SF‐36) medical outcomes study instrument. Results A total of 120 patients proceeded to insertion of an SNS probe at the S3 nerve root (2 Hz, 1.50 mA, 0.10 milliseconds). Of these, 75 patients were cured, 41 improved, and 4 had an ineffective outcome. The total effectiveness rate was 96.7% 1 year after treatment. There was a significant reduction in the median VAS score pre‐SNS and post‐SNS, from 8 to 3, respectively. Patients post‐SNS had lower anal maximum contraction pressure and anal rest pressure than did patients pre‐SNS. Compared with the pretreatment group, there were no substantial differences between anal longest contraction time and rectal rest pressure. In addition to general health, there was a substantial improvement in the remaining dimension scores of the SF‐36. Conclusion The effect of SNS in treating FAP was positive, and the improvement of symptoms was substantial and worthy of clinical promotion.

Objectives In this study, we administered immunity‐and‐matrix regulatory cells (IMRCs) via tail vein (IV) and intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection to 3‐month‐old 5×FAD transgenic mice to assess the effects of IMRC transplantation on the behaviour and pathology of early‐stage Alzheimer's disease (AD). Materials and methods Clinical‐grade human embryonic stem cell (hESC)‐derived IMRCs were produced under good manufacturing practice (GMP) conditions. Three‐month‐old 5×FAD mice were administered IMRCs via IV and ICV injection. After 3 months, the mice were subjected to behavioural tests and electrophysiological analysis to evaluate their cognitive function, memory ability and synaptic plasticity. The effect of IMRCs on amyloid‐beta (Aβ)‐related pathology was detected by thioflavin‐S staining and Western blot. Quantitative real‐time PCR, ELISA and immunostaining were used to confirm that IMRCs inhibit neuroinflammation. RNA‐seq analysis was performed to measure changes in gene expression and perform a pathway analysis in response to IMRC treatment. Results IMRC administration via tail vein injection significantly ameliorated cognitive deficits in early‐stage AD (5×FAD) mice. However, no significant change was observed in the characteristic pathology of AD in the ICV group. Plaque analysis revealed that IMRCs did not influence either plaque deposition or BACE1 expression. In addition, IMRCs inhibited inflammatory responses and reduced microglial activation in vivo. Conclusions We have shown that peripheral administration of IMRCs can ameliorate AD pathology and associated cognitive deficits.

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Multi working-machines pathfinding solution enables more mobile machines simultaneously to work inside of a working site so that the productivity can be expected to increase evolutionary. To date, the potential cooperation conflicts among construction machinery limit the amount of construction machinery investment in a concrete working site. To solve the cooperation problem, civil engineers optimize the working site from a logistic perspective while computer scientists improve pathfinding algorithms' performance on the given benchmark maps. In the practical implementation of a construction site, it is sensible to solve the problem with a hybrid solution; therefore, in our study, we proposed an algorithm based on a cutting-edge multi-pathfinding algorithm to enable the massive number of machines cooperation and offer the advice to modify the unreasonable part of the working site in the meantime. Using the logistic information from BIM, such as unloading and loading point, we added a pathfinding solution for multi machines to improve the whole construction fleet's productivity. In the previous study, the experiments were limited to no more than ten participants, and the computational time to gather the solution was not given; thus, we publish our pseudo-code, our tested map, and benchmark our results. Our algorithm's most extensive feature is that it can quickly replan the path to overcome the emergency on a construction site.

In this study, the effects of Ti and Ce on the microstructure, corrosion behavior and rust resistance of invar alloys were investigated in detail. The precipitation phase which can be used as the core of heterogeneous nucleation can be formed by adding an appropriate amount of Ti and Ce, which promotes microstructure refinement and homogenization of the invar alloy. Moreover, the electrochemical behavior of invar alloys with different Ti and Ce contents was studied. The results show that with the addition of alloying elements, the self-corrosion potential of the alloy becomes positive, and the self-corrosion current decreases, indicating that the addition of Ti and Ce is beneficial for improving the corrosion properties of the alloy. This is primarily because Ti and Ce combine easily with unfavorable elements to form precipitates, which reduces the factors affecting the corrosion resistance of the alloy. The invar alloy with superior corrosion resistance was selected for the dipping test. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the addition of Ti and Ce increased the amount of α-FeOOH and enhanced the protective effect of the antirust layer.

Objective To investigate the correlation between pelvic floor dyssynergia-type constipation and the puborectalis muscle using three-dimensional ultrasonography. Methods Eighty-seven patients with pelvic floor dyssynergia-type constipation (observation group) and 87 healthy volunteers (control group) were enrolled in this study. Three-dimensional ultrasonography of the pelvic floor was performed on patients and healthy volunteers in a lithotomy position at rest and during straining and squeezing. The three-dimensional reconstructed sonogram was analysed to determine the puborectalis angle and puborectalis thickness at the 6 o’clock position (patients in a lithotomy position). Results (1) The puborectalis angles of the observation and control groups were not significantly different at rest [(85.664 ± 1.926)°, (85.813 ± 1.500)°] and during squeezing [(87.478 ± 2.125)°, (86.960 ± 1.751)°] (P > 0.05) but were significantly different when straining [(80.389 ± 2.268)°, (94.382 ± 1.540)°] (P < 0.05). The difference in the puborectalis angles of the two groups between rest and straining [(5.275 ± 1.236)°, (-8.569 ± 1.209)°] was statistically significant (P < 0.05). (2) The puborectalis thickness of the observation and control groups was not significantly different at rest ([3.994 ± 0.128) mm, (3.983 ± 0.091) mm] and during anal squeezing [(4.082 ± 0.154) mm, (4.126 ± 0.113) mm] (P > 0.05) but was significantly different when straining [(4.630 ± 0.199) mm, (4.296 ± 0.121) mm] (P < 0.05). The differences in the puborectalis thickness at rest and during straining in the observation and control groups were (-0.636 ± 0.217) mm and (-0.316 ± 0.089) mm, respectively, resulting in a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion The puborectalis angle in patients with pelvic floor dyssynergia-type constipation was smaller than that in healthy volunteers during straining. The puborectalis thickness at the 6 o’clock position with the patient in a lithotomy position in patients with pelvic floor dyssynergia-type constipation was larger than that in healthy volunteers. Moreover, larger differences between rest and straining are associated with a more severe degree of constipation. Project funding Natural Science Foundation of Shandong (ZR2012HM086)