Rapid and ultrasensitive analysis of trace pollutants in complex matrices is of significance for understanding their environmental behaviors and toxic effects. Here a novel method based on the integration of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and nanoelectrospray ionization mass spectrometry (nanoESI-MS) was developed for rapid and ultrasensitive analysis of trace per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in environmental and biological samples. A novel SPME probe with F-functionalized covalent organic frameworks (COFs) coating was designed for highly selective enrichment of trace PFASs from complex samples. After extraction, the loaded COFs-SPME probe was directly appplied to nanoESI-MS analysis under ambient and open-air conditions. The method showed satisfactory linearities between 1 and 5000 ng/L for 14 investigated PFASs in water, with correlation coefficient values no less than 0.9952. The limits of detection and quantification varied from 0.02 to 0.8 ng/L and 0.06 to 3 ng/L, respectively. By using the proposed method, ultrasensitive detection of PFASs in environmental water and whole blood was successfully achieved.

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A simple and effective ratiometric fluorescence sensor of CdTe QDs/GCNNs for on‐site and rapid analysis of Cu2+ has been established by mixing physically CdTe QDs and graphite carbon nitride (GCNNs). Two emissions peaks of CdTe QDs at 572 nm and GCNNs at 436 nm are both excitated at 340 nm. Under a UV lamp, fluorescent of traffic yellow CdTe QDs is linearly quenched by Cu2+ (as the detection signal), while blue GCNNs remains unchanged (as the reference), resulting in a distinguishable color change gradually from pink yellow to blue. The limit of detection (LOD) of this new sensor for Cu2+ is as low as 0.47 ng mL−1 with 1.4 % RSD. The established method has been successfully applied to detection of Cu2+ in various drinks with satisfactory results. Moreover, a paper‐based sensor, which has been prepared by soaking cellulose acetate membrane in CdTe QDs/GCNNs sensor solution, has a wide semiquantitative detection range for Cu2+ (0.01 ~ 5.0 μg mL−1). It has realized successfully on‐site and rapid determination of Cu2+ in red wine without any pretreatment procedure and is of great promotion and application value in determination of Cu2+ in liquid samples.

An ambient mass spectrometry method for rapid, in situ, and microscale analysis of PFASs and lipids simultaneously in biological tissues for investigation of their biological correlation.

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