Black ice is an ice layer formed by freezing rain or accumulated water on the asphalt pavement surface in cold weather. This ice layer completely shields the texture structure of the pavement and destroys the original microstructure. The direct contact between the automobile tire and the ice surface leads to a sharp decrease in the adhesion coefficient, so the automobile is prone to lateral instability on the icy pavement. In this paper, the simulation model of the icy pavement is established in Matlab/Simulink to verify the control effect of the lateral stability controller based on the Electronic Stability Program under two steering limit conditions. The results show that the vehicle without a lateral stability controller will lose stability and sideslip even when it is steering at low speed on the icy pavement, and the lateral stability controller can effectively control the yaw rate of the vehicle when it is steering, which greatly reduces the offset of the sideslip angle of the centroid and inhibits the lateral acceleration exceeding the ice surface limit, which improves the maneuverability and stability of the vehicle under the freezing limit condition. The application of the controller is of great significance to improve the driving safety of the regional asphalt pavement. Due to the low adhesion coefficient of the icy pavement and the limited braking force and additional yaw moment of the tire provided by the adhesion force, the vehicle with a lateral stability controller is still likely to lose stability under the critical condition of medium or high-speed single shift line.
A type of colored anti-skid coating was prepared to improve the anti-skid performance of pavement, as described in this paper, and the composition of the colored anti-skid coating was determined by laboratory tests. The image-processing techniques in MATLAB and fractal theory were used to analyze the macrotexture characteristics of colored anti-skid coating surfaces. Four different particle sizes were used for specimen preparation, with diameters of 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, and 4 mm. The three-dimensional (3D) macrotexture structure model was constructed based on shape from shading (SFS) theory. The anti-skid performance of the coating assessed by the British pendulum number (BPN) correlates with the fractal dimension. The result shows that when the particle size is the same, the more the spraying amount of anti-skid particles, the larger the fractal dimension. There are different optimal spraying amounts (OSA) for the maximum fractal dimension at each particle size. Meanwhile, when the particle size increases from 1 mm to 4 mm at the OSA, the fractal dimension decreases from 2.719 to 2.492 and the BPN gradually increases from 75 to 86, and the colored anti-skid coating shows good anti-skid performance improvement. In addition, the fractal dimension has a negative correlation with the BPN, and the correlation coefficient R2 between the fractal and the BPN is 0.95074, which indicates that the fractal dimension can reflect the complexity of the macrotexture and characterize the anti-skid performance of the coating under certain conditions. This research helps to provide an effective method to evaluate the macrotexture characteristics of colored anti-skid coating.
For improving the night recognition of road markings and enhancing the driving safety of asphalt pavements, single-factor optimization is used to investigate the effects of the component materials, including luminescent power, pigment, filler, and anti-sedimentation agent, on the luminous performance of a coating. Additionally, their composition ratios are optimized using response surface methodology. A phosphorescent marking coating is prepared to investigate the micromorphology, excitation, and emission properties using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and molecular fluorescence spectroscopy (MFS). The optimum thickness of the coating on an asphalt pavement is investigated, and the durability of the coating on asphalt pavement using a wheel rutting test is evaluated. The results show that the 300 mesh yellow-green luminous powder has the optimal overall performance, with an initial luminescence that exceeds that of orange and sky blue by three times. Initial brightness is mainly influenced by aluminate luminescent powder (ALP), which increases with the dosage. ALP and fumed silica powder (FSP) have a positive effect on brightness after centrifugation, and the effect of FSP dosage is more significant. ALP, rutile titanium dioxide powder (RTDP), and FSP influence the wear value of the coating, and the magnitude of the effect is RTDP > FSP > ALP. The optimal dosages of the main component are 27% ALP, 5% RTDP, and 0.8% FSP. The results of SEM show that the components in the coating are evenly dispersed, and the surface of the coating is rough. The peak excitation wavelength of 420 nm means that the coating has the best excitation effect in UV light, and its emission spectrum in the 440–760 nm wavelength range is well within the sensitive recognition zone of the human eye. The initial brightness gradually reached 4.38 cd/m2 when the coating thickness was increased from 482 μm to 546 μm, and the optimal application thickness of the luminous coating was determined to be 500 μm. At high and normal temperatures, the rutting stripping rates of the luminous marking coating are 16.8% and 8.2%, indicating its satisfactory durability. This study provides an experimental basis for the ratio optimization design of a luminous coating for asphalt pavements.
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