The dewatering of foundation pits with a suspended waterproof curtain causes different groundwater drawdowns inside and outside the pit, resulting in the drawdown difference between the inside and outside the pit. Maintaining a groundwater drawdown difference between the inside and outside of a foundation pit can eliminate the adverse effects of dewatering on the surrounding environment. According to previous studies on unsteady flow, an analytical solution of the groundwater drawdown with a suspended waterproof curtain under unsteady flow has been proposed. The analytical solution of unsteady flow and the formula of groundwater drawdown difference with a suspended waterproof curtain were validated by comparing pumping tests and finite-element method (FEM), in which a good agreement was observed. The magnitude of the drawdown difference generally represents the extent of surrounding groundwater affected by groundwater drawdown inside the pit. This paper also investigated the effects of sensitivity parameters on the drawdown difference for minimizing the effect of surrounding environment. During the process of dewatering with a suspended waterproof curtain, the groundwater drawdown (Sh) should not exceed the length of the waterproof curtain (L), and the optimal radius of foundation pit (Rw) and length of waterproof curtain (L) were found, i.e., Rw/H0 = 0.781 and L/H0 = 0.813 (H0 is 32 m). Beyond these values, the drawdown difference tends to be stable. The drawdown difference is also significantly affected by the dewatering time. When t < 48 h, the groundwater drawdown difference decreases rapidly; when t > 48 h, the groundwater drawdown difference stabilizes.
BackgroundAs a devastating neurodegenerative disease, Alzheimer's disease (AD) imposes a considerable direct and indirect financial burden. However, effective drug treatment options are limited. In recent years, game therapy has become a research hotspot in this field.AimsThe purpose of this study was to synthesize the conclusions of existing studies and integrate the data to evaluate the effects of game therapy on people living with dementia (PLWD).MethodsWe included randomized clinical trials and quasi‐experimental studies which assessed the impacts of game therapy on PLWD and took cognitive function, quality of life, and depression as outcome indicators. Two trained researchers independently screened the studies, evaluated the quality, and extracted the data. Statistical analysis was performed by Review Manager (Revman) 5.3 and STATA16.0 software.ResultsThere were 12 studies involving 877 PLWD included, total. The results of the meta‐analysis demonstrated that the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores of the test group were significantly higher than that of the control group (SMD = 2.69, 95% CI [1.88, 3.51], p < .01), and the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia scores of the test group were significantly lower than those of the control group (SMD = −4.28, 95% CI [−6.96, −1.60], p < .01); but in terms of quality of life (SMD = 0.17, 95% CI [−0.82, 1.16], p = .74), the difference was not statistically significant.Linking Evidence to ActionGame therapy can improve cognitive function and depression in PLWD. The combination of different types of games can improve the different clinical symptoms of PLWD, and different intervention time also have different effects on the outcome, which shows that we can develop unique, systematic, safe, and scientific game intervention programs for PLWD to improve their cognitive function and depression.
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