Background: To determine retinal vessel density in patients with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD). Methods: Twenty-five patients with MOGAD and 20 healthy participants were enrolled. Patients with MOGAD were divided into myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody (MOG-Ab)-positive eyes with a history of optic neuritis (ON; MOG-Ab-ON+ group) or without a history of ON (MOG-Ab-ON2 group). Visual function, retinal vessel densities, and thickness were measured. Results: The retinal nerve fiber layer, parafoveal ganglion cell and inner plexiform layers, and vessel densities in the peripapillary and parafoveal areas were significantly decreased in the MOG-Ab-ON+ eyes compared with healthy eyes and MOG-Ab-ON2 eyes (all P , 0.05). An increasing number of ON episodes was associated with greater decreases in these variables (all P , 0.05). Visual field mean deviation was not significantly decreased in patients with a history of 1 or 2 episodes of ON, although the relative decreases in retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, parafoveal ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer thickness, peripapillary vessel density, and parafoveal vessel density reached 33.1%, 23.2%, 17.0%, and 11.5% (all P , 0.05), respectively, in eyes with 2 episodes of ON. The mean deviation was significantly correlated with peripapillary vessel density (P , 0.05) after adjustment for other variables. Bestcorrected visual acuity was not significantly correlated with optical coherence tomography variables (all P . 0.05). Conclusions: MOG-Ab-associated ON was associated with significant decreases in retinal structure and vessel density, without significant deteriorations in visual function. The peripapillary vessel density might predict the visual outcomes in patients with MOG-Ab-associated ON.

Purpose: To describe a novel technique for capsular bag reopening and secondary in-the-bag intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in aphakic eyes after vitreoretinal surgery and intraocular tamponade. Methods: We enrolled 14 eyes of 14 patients who underwent primary vitreoretinal surgery with silicone oil tamponade for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment between September 2018 and September 2019. The novel technique was used for capsular bag reopening and foldable single-piece IOL implantation. Patients were followed up at least 24 weeks with routine ophthalmic examinations, corneal endothelial cell density, and IOL tilt and decentration measurement. Results: The procedure was successfully completed in 13 cases; in one case, because of posterior capsular tear, the IOL was implanted with ciliary sulcus fixation. After a mean follow-up of 48.8 ± 14.8 (range, 24.9–65.9) weeks, the best-corrected visual acuity (before 20/76 Snellen, 0.63 ± 0.23 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution equivalent and after 20/35 Snellen, 0.32 ± 0.32 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution equivalent; P = 0.001) and spherical equivalent (before +8.22 ± 4.08, after −2.39 ± 1.77 D; P < 0.001) improved, intraocular pressure (before 15.93 ± 4.40, after 16.25 ± 4.25 mmHg; P = 0.743) remained unchanged. The IOL was well centered with a mean horizontal and vertical tilt of 0.5070 ± 0.3319° and 0.4652 ± 0.3465°, respectively, and decentration of 0.1705 ± 0.1334 mm and 0.1712 ± 0.1576 mm, respectively. Conclusion: With this technique, capsular bag reopening and secondary in-the-bag IOL implantation could be achieved in most cases with satisfactory visual outcome and IOL position.

Diagnosing ulnar-sided carpometacarpal joint dislocation is difficult, and more than half of injuries are missed on initial examination. The authors hypothesized that measuring the angle between the capitate and the metacarpals (capitate-metacarpal angle) on a plain radiograph would provide a simple, reliable tool to aid in the diagnosis of ulnar-sided carpometacarpal dislocation. This study retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent surgery for ulnar-sided carpometacarpal dislocation (study group). Two authors identified the contour of the capitate and the second, fourth, and fifth metacarpals on plain radiographs. The control group consisted of patients who had radiographs and no bony carpal or metacarpal pathology. Information on the contour of each bone was entered into MATLAB, version 8.5, software (MathWorks, Natick, Massachusetts), which calculated the 2-dimensional angles. A 3-dimensional model based on computed tomography scan data was used to obtain a "true lateral" image to account for variable rotation on plain radiographs. With the use of conventional lateral hand radiographs, the average capitate-metacarpal angle in the control group was 10° compared with 19° in the study group. Using a screening value of 15° on plain radiographs, the sensitivity of the capitate-metacarpal angle was 0.85 and the specificity was 0.79. Both 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional measurements showed that the angle between the capitate and the lesser metacarpals is a reliable screening tool for carpometacarpal dislocation. During evaluation of patients with posttraumatic hand pain, an increased capitate-metacarpal angle may indicate the need for advanced imaging studies to further evaluate the carpometacarpal joints. [Orthopedics. 2017; 40(2):e352-e356.].

PurposeThe aim of this study was to investigate the role and mechanism of berberine (BBR) in the protection of injured retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in diabetic retinopathy (DR).MethodsExperimental diabetic retinopathy rat model was successfully induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 60 mg/kg) in male SD rats with sufficient food and water for 8 weeks. Animals were randomly divided into four groups: (1) non-diabetic, (2) diabetic, (3) diabetic + BBR + PBS, and (4) diabetic + BBR + SR95531. BBR (100 mg/kg) was given daily by gavage to rats in the group (3) and group (4) for 8 weeks, and weekly intravitreal injections were conducted to rats in the group (3) with 5 μL of 1×PBS and rats in the group (4) with 5 μL of GABA-alpha receptor antagonist SR95531 to investigate the underlying mechanisms. The survival and apoptosis of RGCs were observed by fluorescence gold labeling technology and TUNEL staining. Visual function was evaluated by visual electrophysiological examination. Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining were used to analyze the expression of GABA-alpha receptors in RGCs.ResultsIn an animal model, BBR can increase the survival of RGCs, reduce RGCs apoptosis, and significantly improve the visual function. The reduction of GABA, PKC-α, and Bcl-2 protein expression caused by DR can be considerably increased by BBR. SR95531 inhibits BBR's protective effect on RGC and visual function, as well as its upregulation of PKC-α and Bcl-2.ConclusionBBR is a promising preventive or adjuvant treatment for DR complications, and its key protective effect may involve the regulation of RGC apoptosis through the GABA-alpha receptor/protein kinase C-alpha (GABAAR/PKC-α) pathway.

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