Coating, as one of the significant applications in the building and construction sector, is crucial to prevent steel from reaching critical temperature and fire-induced structural collapse. This article reviews the current use of conventional coatings and assesses the potential use of novel geopolymer coatings on the metal substrate, particularly on the steel structure. The conventional passive fireproofing systems, including cement-based coatings and intumescent coatings, exhibit unavoidable limitations either due to the high thickness and weight or poor thermal and chemical resistance of the coating. Thus, innovations in conventional and novel coatings are constantly developing and growing rapidly. In recent years, geopolymer coatings have attracted much attention due to their higher mechanical strength and excellent resistance to chemicals and heat. Moreover, the green and environmentally friendly characteristics make geopolymer an admirable coating material for many applications. The main challenge that lies in the development of geopolymer coating is the interfacial bonding with the metal structure. Therefore, the influencing factors, including precursor materials, alkaline activator, and curing processes on the adhesion and thermal and chemical resistance of the geopolymer coating have been well explored. The performance comparison between these coatings indicates that geopolymer coating offers a superior mechanical and thermal performance, along with a substantially lower environmental impact compared with cement-based coating. This suggests that geopolymer coatings have great potential for fire protection on steel structures.
This paper evaluates the mechanical and thermal properties of 3D-printed short carbon fiber reinforced composites (sCFRPs). A numerical analysis was developed to predict the mechanical and thermal properties of the sCFRPs, which were verified via experimental tests. In the experiments, a novel technique was adopted by coating the sCFRPs with carbon fiber fabric and copper mesh to further improve its mechanical and thermal performance. Various copper meshes (60-mesh, 100-mesh and 150-mesh) were integrated with carbon fiber fabric to form a multilayer structure, which was then coated on the surface of Nylon 12-CF composite material (base material) to form a composite plate. The effects of the copper mesh on the mechanical and thermal properties of the composite plate were studied theoretically and experimentally. The results show that the addition of different copper meshes had a significant influence on the mechanical and thermal properties of the composite plate, which contained carbon fiber fabric, copper mesh and the base material. Among them, the mechanical and thermal properties of the composite plate with the 60-mesh copper mesh were significantly improved, while the improvement effect slowly declined with the increase in the thickness of the base material. The composite plate with 100-mesh and 150-mesh copper meshes had improved mechanical properties, whereas the influence on its thermal conductivity was limited. For thermal conductivity calculation, both the thickness and length directions of the heat transfer were considered. The comparative analysis indicated that the calculated values and experimental results are in excellent agreement, meaning that this numerical model is a useful tool for guiding the design of surface lamination for 3D-printed sCFRPs.
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