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Background The etiology of cirrhosis of liver is known to change with time due to various factors including awareness, preventive interventions, and lifestyle changes in society. However, there is scarce Indian data available about temporal trends in etiology of cirrhosis of liver. Hence, the aim of this study was to study the temporal trends in the etiology of cirrhosis of liver. Materials and methods This is a retrospective study conducted in the Department of Gastroenterology, Srirama Chandra Bhanja Medical College and Hospital, Cuttack, from January 2005 to December 2017. Data were collected from hospital records of all patients admitted to the Gastroenterology unit. A Poisson regression model was used to compare the hospitalization rate for different etiologies of cirrhosis of liver. All data were analyzed using Stata version 5.1 software. Results A total of 4,331 hospitalized patients of cirrhosis of liver were included in the analysis, of whom 2,742 (63.3%) had alcohol-related cirrhosis, 858 (19.8%) had viral hepatitis-related cirrhosis, and 731 (16.9%) had cirrhosis of liver due to nonalcohol and nonviral causes. The proportion of alcohol-related cirrhosis was increased by 26% from 2005 to 2017 (RR 1.26, p for trend <0.001). Though there were minimal ups and downs observed in the admission rate of viral hepatitis-related liver cirrhosis during later years, this was remarkably reduced by 73% (RR 0.27, p for trend <0.001) in the year 2017 at the end of the study. Similarly, the proportion of cirrhosis due to nonalcohol and nonviral causes decreased by 26% (RR 0.74, p for trend <0.001) by 2017. Conclusion Alcohol is the most common cause of cirrhosis of liver and the burden of alcohol-related cirrhosis is significantly increasing in comparison to other causes including viral infection, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and autoimmune hepatitis. How to cite this article Mishra D, Dash KR, Khatua C, et al. A Study on the Temporal Trends in the Etiology of Cirrhosis of Liver in Coastal Eastern Odisha. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2020;10(1):1–6.

Zidovudine (AZT), a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor was the first breakthrough in AIDS therapy in 1990.This study was conducted with an aim to determine prevalence of AZT induced anaemia in HIV infected patients initiated on AZT containing anti retroviral therapy(ART) regimen and also to find out any risk factor for causing AZT induced anaemia. Study was carried out in ART centre, M.K.C.G, MCH, Berhampur between Jan 2009 and Dec 2011. HIV infected patients registered at ART centre were treated according to National AIDS Control Organisation (NACO) guidelines. Patients (n = 1221) with Hb [8 gm/dl were prescribed AZT based ART regimen. Patients having anaemia (\8 gm/dl) were excluded from the study. Correlation of baseline characteristics (age, sex, weight, Hb level, CD 4 count, World Health Organization (WHO) clinical stage) with risk of developing anaemia was also calculated. 178 (14.6 %) patients on AZT regimen developed anaemia. Patients with low CD 4 count were more prone to develop severe anaemia. Age, sex, weight, WHO clinical stage had no relation with development of anaemia. Incidence of AZT induced anaemia was very high and patients having low CD 4 count were more susceptible to develop anaemia.

IntroductionUlcerative colitis is an immunologically mediated disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. Vitamin D3 has been shown to modulate many immunological diseases, but its role in ulcerative colitis is not well documented. This study was done to find out if levels of vitamin D are associated with the severity of disease and quality of life in ulcerative colitis patients. MethodsThis cross-sectional study consists of two parts. The first part consists of having a comparative assessment of baseline parameters of newly diagnosed ulcerative colitis patients and healthy controls. The 2nd part consists of an evaluation of the association of levels of vitamin D3 with disease severity and quality of life in ulcerative colitis. Independent predictors of disease severity and quality of life were assessed using multiple linear regression. ResultsVitamin D levels were significantly lower in healthy controls compared to newly diagnosed ulcerative colitis patients. Median ulcerative colitis disease activity index score was significantly higher in the vitamin D deficient group compared with those who had normal vitamin D levels (p-0.001). Quality of life was also poor in the vitamin D deficient group compared to those with normal vitamin D levels (p-0.000). Vitamin D levels were found to be independent predictors of ulcerative colitis disease activity scores and health-related quality of life scores. ConclusionVitamin D may have some immunomodulating properties, which might be associated with decreased ulcerative colitis disease activity index and better quality of life.

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