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Abstract

We consider Chinese cultural, psychological and social factors that are likely to place boundaries on the applicability of DeNisi and Pritchard’s motivational framework and discuss how these cultural barriers play out at each of the links in their model. We conclude with a summary and a discussion of some of the broader implications of applying models of work motivation to a Chinese economy in transition.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the structure of leader communication style in the context of organizational change. In doing so, the authors intend to shed more light on how leaders can effectively communicate change projects to their subordinates, which is viewed as the key to implementing change initiatives. Design/methodology/approach – This paper builds an integrated conceptual model for understanding leader’s communication style and subordinates’ commitment to change. By analyzing subordinates’ different fears of change, the paper further proposes a multidimensional structure of leader communication style in the context of change. The authors then develop a scale to measure these different dimensions and test the relationship between the proposed communication style and subordinates’ affective commitment to change. Findings – Leader communication style in the context of change is found to be composed of five dimensions: hope orientation, reality orientation, subordinate orientation, support orientation, and enforcement orientation. A cross-level field study of 31 teams and 194 members shows that hope orientation, subordinate orientation, and support orientation are positively associated with subordinates’ affective commitment to change. Originality/value – This paper identifies a new structure of leader communication style that will lead to a richer understanding of how leaders communicate to their subordinates in the context of change. It also contributes to the leadership literature by implying effective ways of communicating change projects.

We perform a sparse identification of nonlinear dynamics (SINDy) for low-dimensionalized complex flow phenomena. We first apply the SINDy with two regression methods, the thresholded least square algorithm and the adaptive least absolute shrinkage and selection operator which show reasonable ability with a wide range of sparsity constant in our preliminary tests, to a two-dimensional single cylinder wake at $Re_D=100$ , its transient process and a wake of two-parallel cylinders, as examples of high-dimensional fluid data. To handle these high-dimensional data with SINDy whose library matrix is suitable for low-dimensional variable combinations, a convolutional neural network-based autoencoder (CNN-AE) is utilized. The CNN-AE is employed to map a high-dimensional dynamics into a low-dimensional latent space. The SINDy then seeks a governing equation of the mapped low-dimensional latent vector. Temporal evolution of high-dimensional dynamics can be provided by combining the predicted latent vector by SINDy with the CNN decoder which can remap the low-dimensional latent vector to the original dimension. The SINDy can provide a stable solution as the governing equation of the latent dynamics and the CNN-SINDy-based modelling can reproduce high-dimensional flow fields successfully, although more terms are required to represent the transient flow and the two-parallel cylinder wake than the periodic shedding. A nine-equation turbulent shear flow model is finally considered to examine the applicability of SINDy to turbulence, although without using CNN-AE. The present results suggest that the proposed scheme with an appropriate parameter choice enables us to analyse high-dimensional nonlinear dynamics with interpretable low-dimensional manifolds.

We reveal the effects of sweep on the wake dynamics around NACA 0015 wings at high angles of attack using direct numerical simulations and resolvent analysis. The influence of sweep on the wake dynamics is considered for sweep angles from $0^\circ$ to $45^\circ$ and angles of attack from $16^\circ$ to $30^\circ$ for a spanwise periodic wing at a chord-based Reynolds number of $400$ and a Mach number of $0.1$ . Wing sweep affects the wake dynamics, especially in terms of stability and spanwise fluctuations with implications on the development of three-dimensional (3-D) wakes. We observe that wing sweep attenuates spanwise fluctuations. Even as the sweep angle influences the wake, force and pressure coefficients can be collapsed for low angles of attack when examined in wall-normal and wingspan-normal independent flow components. Some small deviations at high sweep and incidence angles are attributed to vortical wake structures that impose secondary aerodynamic loads, revealed through the force element analysis. Furthermore, we conduct global resolvent analysis to uncover oblique modes with high disturbance amplification. The resolvent analysis also reveals the presence of wavemakers in the shear-dominated region associated with the emergence of 3-D wakes at high angles of attack. For flows at high sweep angles, the optimal convection speed of the response modes is shown to be faster than the optimal wavemakers speed suggesting a mechanism for the attenuation of perturbations. The present findings serve as a fundamental stepping stone to understanding separated flows at higher Reynolds numbers.

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