Unity is one of the most important factors for individual and team performance in sports. Mental health is also identiˆed an important factor for athletes' sports performance. Scholars have proposed that athletes' mental health is related to resilience, that includes environmental and personal factors. We have hypothesized that unity in sports teams predicts environmental and personal factors of resilience, which in turn relate to athletes' mental health. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to this examine the eŠect of team unity on athletes' mental health, and the mediating eŠect of resilience in its relationship. A total of 626 university athletes (average age 20.08±1.31 years) from 16 sports completed questionnaires. The survey questionnaire comprised the Unity Scale for Sports Teams , the Psychological Resilience Scale for University Athletes (Ueno and Shimizu, 2012) and the General Health Questionnaire-30 (Nakagawa and Daibo, 1985). Relationships between team unity, resilience and mental health were tested, as well as the above hypothesis. Results showed that positive correlations between team unity, athletes' resilience and mental health. Additionally, the results supported the mediation hypothesis of resilience in the relationship between team unity and mental health. The results suggest that interventions aiming to support athletes' mental health should focus on both teams and individual athletes.
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of organizational climate components on unity in sports teams. The participants were 1,095 student athletes who were affiliated with the competitive sports clubs of 16 different sports types. Their average age was 17.85 (SD = 2.10) years. They completed questionnaires to assess the perceived team unity using the Unity Scale for Sports Teams (USST ; composed of "integration for the group: IG", "commitment: Co" and "the total of those: Uni") , and organizational climate with Organizational Climate Questionnaire (OCQ; composed of "discipline centered on the club: DC", "free communication: FC" and "acceptance of innovation: AI") . In the results, the DC score of male athletes was higher than that of female athletes, whereas the FC score of female athletes was higher than that of male athletes. All the subscale scores in both USST and OCQ of high school athletes were higher than those of university athletes. All the USST subscales and the FC scores of athletes with 1-2 years or 3-4 experienced years were higher than those of athletes with 5-9 years or more than 10 years. The scores of 5 subscales with the IG removed of regular or semi-regular athletes were higher than those of non-regular athletes. Additionally, there was a positive correlation between the USST scores
The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between state anxiety and individual athletic game performance. The subjects were 54 male players of 4 teams (The average age was 20.5 (SD=1.09) years), who participated in the Kanto university men's volleyball league games in the spring of year 2010. The subjects were asked to respond to a Japanese version of the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), which was measured at 4 time periods (the day before, the day of game, just before the game, just after the game) for each of a total of 40 games (each team played 10 games). The results were as follows: (1) Relationships between state anxiety and success rate in game performance (spike, reception, block) showed different correlation depending on each game performance.(2) The group of players who performed well in games collected by coaches scored lower than the more badly-performing group in the score of state anxiety on the day of game and just after the game.(3) The temporal change of the score of state anxiety from just before the game to just after the game was different depending on whether they performed well or not in games.
This study examined Japanese athletesʼ perceptions of a good coach, including the necessary personal or behavioral characteristics. Data were collected using an open-ended questionnaire survey of 140 collegiate athletes (68 males and 72 females; average age 19.49 ± 0.96 years) from 26 sports.The KJ method was applied to extract the characteristics of a good coach. These factors were then categorized according to the closeness of response meanings. The 399 valid characteristics obtained were classified into 93 categories, and finally consolidated into five categories: "practicing athletecentered coaching," "possessing superior humanity," "having excellent knowledge and skills," "making precise assessment and action," and "building confidential relationships." The results indicate that modern athletes believe a good coach should have the five core attributes. This finding suggests that a noble character is fundamental. Furthermore, coaches should update their knowledge and skills, behave appropriately in reading sport fields accurately, and forge solid relationships with athletes. The good coach would be able to embody athlete-centered with such practices. Therefore, coaches are expected to continue developing their personality and coaching skills, while keeping in mind athletesʼ and social needs. This study can serve as an essential guide for those who wish to become good coaches.
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