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Avian malaria parasites (Plasmodium spp. and Haemoproteus spp.) and closely related parasitic Leucocytozoon spp. are observed in a variety of pigeons and doves (order: Columbiformes) worldwide. However the prevalence and molecular phylogeny of avian malaria parasites and Leucocytozoon spp. from pigeons and doves inhabiting Japan are still not known. This study clarified the prevalence of avian malaria parasites in Columbiformes in three locations (Kanto region, Okinawa, and Ogasawara) of Japan and estimated their molecular phylogeny. Blood samples were collected from 173 Japanese Columbiformes (5 species,

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