Wood dyed with extracts from Dalbergia cohinchinensis residues as natural dye (ND) exhibited desirable color appearance and anti-UV property while the potential property of the ND dyed wood has not been exploited with respect to the water fastness, mildew resistance along with the penetrability of the ND on wood blocks dyeing. The present study was aimed at exploring these aspects for multifunction assessment of the ND dyed wood. The results showed that the ΔE * (4.58) and color intensity reduction (PR:14.01%) of the ND dyed wood declined slightly after washed treatment by comparison with that of acid red (ΔE * :32.82; RP:76.14%) and reactive red (ΔE * :26.85; RP:66.52%) dyed wood indicative of its preferable waster fastness due to the surface hydrophobicity improvement. In addition, the ND ameliorated the mildew resistance against Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma viride infection. Interestingly, the wood blocks inner can be completely impregnated with ND under atmospheric pressure dyeing process without any pretreatment and auxiliary adding. The extracts utilization scenario was proved to perforce greatly promising for industrial application in terms of multifunctional ND dyed wood preparation.
Wood dyed with extracts from Dalbergia cohinchinensis residues as natural dye (ND) exhibited desirable color appearance and anti-UV property while the potential property of the ND dyed wood has not been exploited with respect to the water fastness, mildew resistance along with the penetrability of the ND on wood blocks dyeing. The present study was aimed at exploring these aspects for multifunction assessment of the ND dyed wood. The results showed that the ΔE* (4.58) and color intensity reduction (PR:14.01%) of the ND dyed wood declined slightly after washed treatment by comparison with that of acid red (ΔE*:32.82; RP:76.14%) and reactive red (ΔE*:26.85; RP:66.52%) dyed wood indicative of its preferable waster fastness due to the surface hydrophobicity improvement. In addition, the ND ameliorated the mildew resistance against Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma viride infection. Interestingly, the wood blocks inner can be completely impregnated with ND under atmospheric pressure dyeing process without any pretreatment and auxiliary adding. The extracts utilization scenario was proved to perforce greatly promising for industrial application in terms of multifunctional ND dyed wood preparation.
A pilot-scale trickling filter with lower layer support material was constructed. The dominant microorganisms of oxidize iron and manganese were immobilized on the surface of manganese sand with the improved circulation-stay type immobilization methods. The quantity of bacterium fluid was identified according to the solid-liquid ratio which was slightly greater than the porosity of support material. The performance of the trickling filter was tested for simultaneous biological removal of iron and manganese from groundwater. The results showed that mature time of bio-filter layer was 30 d. The adaptability to fluctuation of iron and manganese concentration was very strong and the biggest filtration rate could be increased to 12 m/h. The filter layer thickness could be reduced to 70 cm. The Fe 2+ concentration declined to 0 mg/L at the filter layer depth of 10 cm. However, the Mn 2+ concentration declined to less than 0.05 mg/L at the filter layer depth of 55 cm. The most efficient area of removing manganese was in the filter layer depth of 25~40 cm. As the concentration of Fe 2+ was more than 1.5 mg/L, there was the phenomenon of manganese dissolution because of the chemical reaction between Fe 2+ and manganese sand (MnO 2). In this research the actual consumption value of DO was less than the theoretical value. Strong aeration was not needed in the process of biological removal. In the progress of removing iron and manganese, ORP increased gradually. As ORP increased to 349 mV, iron was removed completely; while ORP increased to 422 mV, manganese was removed totally. Comparing the removal results of iron and manganese before and after inoculation, it was found that the iron and manganese removal of the filter layer mainly lied in bio-catalytic oxidation.
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