A numerical model for simulating air and nitrogen inductively coupled plasmas (ICPs) was developed considering thermochemical nonequilibrium and the third-order electron transport properties. A modified far-field electromagnetic model was introduced and tightly coupled with the flow field equations to describe the Joule heating and inductive discharge phenomena. In total, 11 species and 49 chemical reactions of air, which include 5 species and 8 chemical reactions of nitrogen, were employed to model the chemical reaction process. The internal energy transfers among translational, vibrational, rotational, and electronic energy modes of chemical species were taken into account to study thermal nonequilibrium effects. The low-Reynolds number Abe-Kondoh-Nagano k-ε turbulence model was employed to consider the turbulent heat transfer. In this study, the fundamental characteristics of an ICP flow, such as the weak ionization, high temperature but low velocity in the torch, and wide area of the plasma plume, were reproduced by the developed numerical model. The flow field differences between the air and nitrogen ICP flows inside the 10-kW ICP wind tunnel were made clear. The interactions between the electromagnetic and flow fields were also revealed for an inductive discharge.
The network security situation is grim, and the problem of “information isolated island” is becoming increasingly prominent. In view of the low efficiency and insufficient security of data cross-domain sharing in the open network environment, a searchable data sharing scheme supporting cross-domain is proposed based on attribute encryption technology. Firstly, different types of nodes on the blockchain are used to realize the data sharing of users in different domains. Secondly, the flexible ciphertext-search function is realized through the search form of keyword strategy. Moreover, the scheme adopts the mode of storage under the chain, which reduces the operation pressure of the blockchain. At the same time, according to the characteristics of the blockchain, the traceability and tamper-proof of the access process can be realized. Finally, the analysis shows that the scheme can resist quantum attack and collusive attack while avoiding complex bilinear operation and meet the security of trapdoor search and indistinguishability under chosen-plaintext attack. Compared with other searchable attribute-based encryption schemes, the scheme has certain advantages in function and performance.
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