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Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is a useful technique to study the interaction between molecules and how they are affected by various processes and processing conditions. This review summarizes the application of MD simulations in food processing and safety, with an emphasis on the effects that emerging nonthermal technologies (for example, high hydrostatic pressure, pulsed electric field) have on the molecular and structural characteristics of foods and biomaterials. The advances and potential projection of MD simulations in the science and engineering aspects of food materials are discussed and focused on research work conducted to study the effects of emerging technologies on food components. It is expected by showing key case studies that it will stir novel developments as a valuable tool to study the effects of emerging food technologies on biomaterials. This review is useful to food researchers and the food industry, as well as researchers and practitioners working on flavor and nutraceutical encapsulations, dietary carbohydrate product developments, modified starches, protein engineering, and other novel food applications.

Developing renewable resources for industrial applications, rather than using severely depleted natural fossil, is the biggest need of recent times. In this regard, rice straw (RS) has already been considered as an alternative material. However, some structural modifications need to be performed to make RS suitable for different applications. The objective of this study was to improve thermoplasticity of RS, required for industrial purposes. Acetylated rice straw-graft-poly­(ε-caprolactone) (ARS-g-PCL) copolymers were synthesized via ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of ε-CL onto ARS in the presence of stannous octoate (Sn­(Oct)2), N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC), using a rapid and efficient sonochemistry-assisted microwave process. The effects of microwave power, ultrasonic power, reaction time, temperature, and amount of ε-caprolactone on grafting percentage (PG) were examined. The sonochemistry-assisted microwave process significantly increased graft efficiency. The optimized conditions for obtaining the maximum PG of 39.6% are as follows: (i) 4:1 weight ratio of ε-caprolactone to rice straw, (ii) microwave/ultrasonic power of 200 W/270 W for 40 min, (iii) reaction temperature 140 °C. The structure and properties of ARS-g-PCL were analyzed using FT-IR, NMR, XRD, and SEM, whereas thermal performances were tested using TGA and DSC. A single glass transition at ∼100 °C and a broad endothermic peak near 185 °C can be seen in the thermogram of ARS-g-PCL, indicating good thermoplasticity compared with ARS. In addition, thin films of ARS-g-PCL can be prepared without any additives. Our findings together indicate that ARS-g-PCL has potential to substitute materials derived from natural resources for different industrial applications.

nterior interface is formed with the ground, side and top of interior space. By introducing the necessity of studying on the visual language of interior interface design, it analyzed the three visual vocabularies of interior interface design which are materials, form and color, and then it discussed the three visual grammar of interior interface design which are the comparison and coordination, symmetry and balance, and rhythm and rhyme. Then it made a summary of the characteristics of the visual language of interior interface design which are three-dimensional space existence, the goal of transmitting information, and aesthetic value. In the end, it pointed out the broad prospects of studying on the visual language of interior interface design which can be further studied.