The metal content of some representative Finnish berry liqueurs was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. The berry liqueurs were prepared from cloudberry (Rubus chamaemorus), arctic bramble (Rubus arcticus), cranberry (Vaccinum oxycoccus), lingonberry (Vaccinum vitis-idaea) and sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides). In addition some other Finnish berry, fruit and herbal liqueurs were analyzed. The trace elements studied were Al, As, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Rb, and Zn. The level of poisonous metals in all the samples was very low: As less than 0.1, Cd less than 0.005 and Pb less than or equal to 0.1 mg/l.
The rise in the cost of energy is a major factor in increasing the costs of such distillery processes as the pre-concentration and drying of stiliage. Most of the stiiiage water (70-80%) that would have to be evaporated can instead be separated and used again for mashing, with only the remaining 30-20% being made up with fresh water. Experiments were performed on both laboratory and production scales. The energy saving resulting from this reduced evaporation of water has been calculated to be 3000 t/a heavy fuel oil in the production of 5000 t/a 100% ethanol in a grain distillery.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.