With global climate change, waterlogging stress is becoming more frequent. Waterlogging stress inhibits root growth and physiological metabolism, which ultimately leads to yield loss in wheat. Waterlogging priming has been proven to effectively enhance waterlogging tolerance in wheat. However, it is not known whether waterlogging priming can improve the offspring’s waterlogging resistance. Here, wheat seeds that applied waterlogging priming for one generation, two generations and three generations are separately used to test the hypoxia stress tolerance in wheat, and the physiological mechanisms are evaluated. Results found that progeny of primed plants showed higher plant biomass by enhancing the net photosynthetic rate and antioxidant enzyme activity. Consequently, more sugars are transported to roots, providing a metabolic substrate for anaerobic respiration and producing more ATP to maintain the root growth in the progeny of primed plants compared with non-primed plants. Furthermore, primed plants’ offspring promote ethylene biosynthesis and further induce the formation of a higher rate of aerenchyma in roots. This study provides a theoretical basis for improving the waterlogging tolerance of wheat.
Priming is a potential way to enhance stress tolerance in plants. Winter wheat adaptation to harsh environmental conditions is a prominent global predicament. To enhance the productivity and its tolerance to rapidly changing world's environment, wheat plants were subjected to different heat priming events at early growth stages, which effects were studied on subsequent heat stress at booting and flowering stages. The study aimed to observe the major changes in photosynthetic characteristics, antioxidant enzymes system, and sugar metabolism in leaves during wheat adaptation to heat stress applied at booting and flowering stages after heat priming at early growth stage. Heat stress mostly affected the plant's development with a significant reduction in yield, yield components, biomass, osmotic potential (OP), leaf relative water potential (LRWP), and plant photosystem. However, the concomitant increase of membrane injury index (MII), reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, enzymatic activities, and sugar metabolism in primed plants enabled winter wheat plants to tolerate heat stress more after low heat priming (LP) than moderate heat priming (MP). Furthermore, MP at early growth stages reduced the biomass, OP, LRWP, and photosynthetic system while the remarkable increase in sugar metabolism and enzymatic activities increased the ROS production, yield, and yield components under heat stress applied at booting stage. Similarly, LP successfully improved plant tolerance to heat stress applied at flowering stage. In conclusion, LP at early growth stage was beneficial to sustain to heat stress during flowering stage, while MP at early growth stage helped winter wheat to better adapt to heat stress at booting stage. These results encompass a novel research direction for the adaptation of winter wheat to harsh environmental conditions to reduce yield loss.
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