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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to test the 5GP concept with measurement of the performance of Busan, Hong Kong, Singapore and Shanghai ports, employing a hybrid method of consistent fuzzy preference relation (CFPR), VIsekriterijumska Optimizacija i KOmpromisno Resenje (VIKOR) and PROMETHEE. Design/methodology/approach The authors developed the concept of the fifth generation ports (5GPs), and apply CFPR, VIKOR and preference ranking organization method for enrichment evaluations (PROMETHEE) to evaluate the 5GPs. Findings The performance of the ports of Hong Kong and Singapore is close to meet the definition of 5GP criteria. On the contrary, ports of Busan and Shanghai are still behind the 5GP stage in light of the majority of the evaluation criteria’s performance. Research limitations/implications This paper studies four ports. More empirical tests are needed to verify the applicability of the 5GP concept toward other ports. Practical implications The findings provided port managers with the insight of how to improve their port to meet the criteria of 5GP. Social implications New criteria and higher expectations of existing requirements present challenges to port managers for a need to raise the bar of service standards and develop new competencies. Originality/value The authors developed the concept of the 5GPs. Newly developed 5GP contributes to expanding the concepts of first to fourth generation ports developed by UNCTAD.

Improving the quality of the city bus service is an important topic for public transportation management. One way of measuring this improvement is to measure the gap between the passengers' expectation and their perception. The expectation can be divided into desired service and adequate service, and the difference between these two is the tolerant zone of expectation. The present study has two purposes. The first is to propose a model for evaluating service quality based on the zone of tolerance of expectation (ZSQ). The second is to build an analytical framework for prioritizing attributes (NIZSQ, normalized importance-ZSQ analysis) through a quadrant analysis based on ZSQ and normalized importance. This research took the Taipei city bus service as an example. The data were collected by means of questionnaires. Statistical analysis was adopted to test the hypotheses. The result showed that the top two priorities for improvement are those attributes that are relevant to the interaction with the passengers, and the support from operations management.

This study explores key critical factors of waterfront port development (WPD) by applying analytic network process (ANP) and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to the Incheon and Bangkok ports, drawing certain implications. The major findings of this paper show that the ANP draws more stable, comprehensive, and consistent results than the AHP, and the ANP ranking results of the three cases, showed four common key critical criteria of WPD exist among the top five (i.e., accessibility under community function; connectivity under port function; maritime clustering, and transformation of the port/city interface under economic function).