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Aim To examine whether mild early time-restricted eating (eating dinner at 18:00 vs. at 21:00) improves 24-h blood glucose levels and postprandial lipid metabolism in healthy adults. Methods Twelve participants (2 males and 10 females) were included in the study. In this 3-day (until the morning of day 3) randomized crossover study, two different conditions were tested: eating a late dinner (at 21:00) or an early dinner (at 18:00). During the experimental period, blood glucose levels were evaluated by each participant wearing a continuous blood glucose measuring device. Metabolic measurements were performed using the indirect calorimetry method on the morning of day 3. The study was conducted over three days; day 1 was excluded from the analysis to adjust for the effects of the previous day’s meal, and only data from the mornings of days 2 and 3 were used for the analysis. Results Significant differences were observed in mean 24-h blood glucose levels on day 2 between the two groups (p = 0.034). There was a significant decrease in the postprandial respiratory quotient 30 min and 60 min after breakfast on day 3 in the early dinner group compared with the late dinner group (p < 0.05). Conclusion Despite a difference of only 3 h, eating dinner early (at 18:00) has a positive effect on blood glucose level fluctuation and substrate oxidation compared with eating dinner late (at 21:00).

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To clarify the corrected age of walking attainment in very low birth weight infants by birth weight and gestational age, and determine perinatal factors affecting the delay in walking attainment. Method: This was a longitudinal study. We investigated walking attainment and perinatal factors in 145 very low birth weight infants without neurological abnormalities (mean birth weight 1019.3 ± 299.7 g, gestational age 29.0 ± 2.9 weeks). The study infants were stratified by birth weight (group A: <1,000 g, group B: 1,000 g! , <1,500 g) and gestational age (group I: <28 weeks, group II: 28 weeks! , <37 weeks) and were compared using unpaired t-tests. Furthermore, we examined the perinatal factors that affect the delay in walking attainment using multiple regression analysis. Results: Of the walking attainment, infants in Group A were older than those in Group B (50th percentile, 15.8 vs. 14.7 months). Infants in Group I were older than those in Group II (50th percentile, 16.0 vs. 14.8 months). Using multiple regression analysis with walking attainment age as the dependent variable, the duration of mechanical ventilation was found to be significantly related. Conclusion: Very low birth weight infants with light weight and short gestational age have delayed walking attainment, and longer duration of mechanical ventilation increases the risk of delay.